[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592411-105":59,"doc-detail-592411-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","american-indian-women-and-screening-mammography-findings-from-a-qualitative-study-in-oklahoma","American Indian Women and Screening Mammography: Findings from a Qualitative Study in Oklahoma","","Breast cancer remains a major public health issue for American Indian women in Oklahoma, yet low mammography screening rates indicate insufficient understanding of the motivational drivers behind screening decisions. A qualitative study using the Theory of Planned Behavior conducted 24 elicitation interviews with eligible women receiving services at an Oklahoma-based tribal clinic. Findings show mixed attitudes, environmental barriers, and recommendations to improve screening accessibility, with family, friends, and personal physicians as key social referents.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/american-indian-women-and-screening-mammography-findings-from-a-qualitative-study-in-oklahoma/592411/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/american-indian-women-and-screening-mammography-findings-from-a-qualitative-study-in-oklahoma/592411.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the qualitative study in Oklahoma?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To identify motivational factors that influence American Indian women’s decisions to obtain a mammogram.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants selected and what method was used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used the Theory of Planned Behavior and conducted 24 elicitation interviews with eligible women obtaining services at an Oklahoma-based tribal clinic.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What barriers and recommendations emerged from the interviews?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Environmental-related factors were cited as barriers, and participants recommended improved accessibility to mammography screening.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592411,1793118019,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Article  \nAmerican Indian Women and Screening Mammography: Findings from a Qualitative Study in Oklahoma  \nEleni Tolma, Chasity Batterton, Robert M. Hamm, David Thompson, and Kimberly K. Engelman  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Breast cancer is an important public health issue within the American Indian (AI) community in Oklahoma; however, there is limited information to explain the low screening mammography rates among AI women. Purpose: To identify the motivational factors affecting anAI woman’s decision to obtain a mammogram. Methods: Through the use of the Theory of Planned Behavior, 24 elicitation interviews were conducted with eligible for mammographyAI women obtaining services atan Oklahoma-based tribal clinic. Results: Most women had mixed attitudes toward screening mammography. Environmental-related factors also were cited as barriers in getting a screening mammogram and women recommended improved accessibility to mammography screening. Participants identified family members, friends and their personal physician as critical social referents. No specific culturally related beliefs or taboos were noted. Discussion: This study provides new theoretically guided insights into the motivation of AI women to obtain screening mammography. Future interventions to promote mammography screening among AI women may yield more effective results if key social referents are included in the decision-making process. Translation to Health Education Practice: Public health practitioners need to incorporate a socio-ecological approach to the design of a related intervention, and acknowledge the diversity in terms of cultural affiliation and beliefs within the AI population they serve.  \nTolma E, Batterton C, Hamm RM, Thompson D, Engelman KK. American Indian women and screening mammography: findings from a qualitative study in Oklahoma. Am J Health Educ. 2012;43(1):18-30. Submitted January 12, 2011. Accepted July 28, 2011.  \nBACKGROUND  \nMammography is the single most effective method of early breast cancer detection because it can identify cancer several years before physical symptoms develop. 1,2 American Indian/Alaska native (AI/An) women have the lowest up-to-date mammography screening rates (70. 4%)3 and are dying disproportionately due to advanced breast cancer disease compared to Caucasian women.4 Despite efforts to promote breast cancer screening, the number of Oklahoman women who died from breast cancer during the last two decades did not change substantially, 5 and women of ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status (SES) remained disproportionally under-screened.6 Among  \nAI women residing in the Potawatomi county (the study location), between 1997 and 2006 almost half (43%) of American Indians with breast cancer were diagnosed at an advanced regional stage, compared to  \nEleni Tolma is an associate professor in the department of Health Promotion Sciences atthe University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, OK 73190; E-mail: [eleni-tolma@ouhsc.edu. Chasity Batterton](eleni-tolma@ouhsc.edu. Chasity Batterton) is a former graduate student in the Department of Health Administration and Policy College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190. Robert M. Hamm is a professor in the  \nonly 25% of white women.7  \nMoreover, at the Citizen Potawatomi nation Health Services (CPnHS), a tribal clinic that serves AI women in the CPn jurisdictional area, mammography screening  \nDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104. David Thompson is an associate professor in the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190. Kimberly K. Engelman is an associate professor in the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medic","cbCaiiA72SweQ1P7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiA72SweQ1P7","pdf",266001,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Discussion\n## Translation to Health Education Practice\n# Background","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the qualitative study in Oklahoma?\",\"answer\":\"To identify motivational factors that influence American Indian women’s decisions to obtain a mammogram.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants selected and what method was used?\",\"answer\":\"The study used the Theory of Planned Behavior and conducted 24 elicitation interviews with eligible women obtaining services at an Oklahoma-based tribal clinic.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers and recommendations emerged from the interviews?\",\"answer\":\"Environmental-related factors were cited as barriers, and participants recommended improved accessibility to mammography screening.\"}]","American Indian Women and Screening Mammography: Findings from a Qualitative Study in Oklahoma | PDF",1792074529,33]