[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-444916-105":3,"doc-detail-444916-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","altered-phage-related-gene-profiles-in-asthmatic-airways","Altered Phage-Related Gene Profiles in Asthmatic Airways","","Altered Phage-Related Gene Profiles in Asthmatic Airways investigates airway microbiome functions in asthma using gene-level metagenomic sequencing. Induced sputum from healthy controls and non-severe versus severe asthma patients shows similar overall bacterial composition but distinct phage- and anti-phage–related functional disruption patterns. Functional variability increases with disease severity, with greater beta-diversity dispersion and rising within-group dissimilarity. Phage-related genes decrease in asthma, while CRISPR-related genes increase, with prophage and CRISPR profiles differing across severity states.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/altered-phage-related-gene-profiles-in-asthmatic-airways/444916/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/altered-phage-related-gene-profiles-in-asthmatic-airways/444916.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What approach does the study use to analyze asthma-related airway changes?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study uses metagenomic sequencing to analyze airway microbiome gene-level features, focusing on functional characteristics rather than only taxonomy.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do bacterial and viral compositions differ among healthy controls and asthma severity groups?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Overall bacterial composition is similar across groups, with limited marginal differences. Viral composition shows overall bacteriophage abundance across groups, with a significant difference in combined viral presence between controls and non-severe patients.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which functional gene patterns are associated with asthma severity?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Beta-diversity dispersion and within-group functional dissimilarity increase with severity, suggesting growing heterogeneity. Phage-related genes decrease in asthma, while CRISPR-related genes are relatively increased, and prophage versus CRISPR-associated profiles differ between controls and severe asthma.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},444916,1790795080,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",7,"Allergy  \nLETTER  OPEN ACCESS   \nAltered Phage-Related Gene Profiles in  \nAsthmatic Airways  \nMin-Gyung Baek1  | Sangcheol Park1  | Young-Chan Kim2,3  | Kyoung-Hee Sohn4  | Jung Wook Kim5  | Kwang Jun Lee5  | Sang-Heon Cho2,3  | Hye-Ryun Kang2,3  | Hana Yi1,6   \n1Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University, Seoul, Korea | 2Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea | 3Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea | 4Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea | 5Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Diseases Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea | 6School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea  \nCorrespondence: Hye-Ryun Kang ([helenmed@snu.ac.kr](helenmed@snu.ac.kr)) | Hana Yi ([hanayi@korea.ac.kr](hanayi@korea.ac.kr))  \nReceived: 31 December 2024 | Revised: 16 July 2025 | Accepted: 31 July 2025  \nFunding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea (MSIT)(No. 2022R1A2C1007966 and No. RS-2023-00217157) and by the National Institute of Health (NIH) research project (No. 2024-ER2105-00) .  \nKeywords: asthma | biomarkers | microbiome  \nTo the Editor,  \nThis study provides a functional perspective on the airway microbiome in asthma by analyzing gene-level features through metagenomic sequencing. While prior studies have largely focused on taxonomic composition, our findings reveal functionlevel disruptions—particularly in phage-related and anti-phage gene profiles—that distinguish asthmatic airways from healthy controls.  \nInduced sputum samples from patients with non-severe and severe asthma and healthy controls (17 per group) were analyzed (Table 1) . Overall bacterial composition was similar across groups (Figure S1A) . No genera differed significantly by disease severity, though Actinomyces showed a marginal difference between control and non-severe groups (Table S1A). Actinomyces, Selenomonas [1] and GGB4533 were relatively enriched in controls (Figure 1A), but their associations with clinical parameters were not statistically significant (Figure S1B) .  \nViral composition analysis showed an overall abundance of bacteriophages across all groups (Figure S2A) . Notably, the combined presence of both viruses (Cytomegalovirus and  \nEpstein–Barr virus) showed a significant difference between controls and non-severe patients (Q = 0.083) (Figure S2B; Table S1B), consistent with our prior findings [2] .  \nTo evaluate microbial functional variability across asthma severity, we analyzed beta-diversity of functional gene profiles. PCoA based on Bray-Curtis distances showed greater dispersion in asthma samples compared to controls (p = 0.049)(Figure S3A) . Linear regression analysis further demonstrated that within-group functional dissimilarity increased with severity (p = 0.001) (Figure S3B) . These findings suggest that airway microbial function becomes increasingly heterogeneous as asthma progresses. Elevated within-group variability may indicate disrupted microbial homeostasis and potentially reflect functional dysbiosis [3] associated with disease severity.  \nAmong the functional genes examined, two phage-related genes showed significant reduction in asthma, while certain CRISPRrelated genes were relatively increased (Figure 1B; Table S1C) . A broader analysis showed that prophage-related genes were more abundant in controls, whereas CRISPR-associated genes were enriched in severe asthma (Figure 1C) . Bacteria possess  \n\n| Min-gyung Baek and Sangcheol Park contributed equally as first authors. |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits u","cbCainJhS9Eix7Tt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainJhS9Eix7Tt","pdf",1067898,"English","# Background and Study Aim\n## Functional gene profiling by metagenomic sequencing\n# Methods\n## Participant groups and sample analysis\n# Results\n## Bacterial composition and genera-level findings\n## Viral composition and combined viral presence\n## Functional variability across severity\n## Phage-related and CRISPR-associated gene changes\n# Data Summary","[{\"question\":\"What approach does the study use to analyze asthma-related airway changes?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses metagenomic sequencing to analyze airway microbiome gene-level features, focusing on functional characteristics rather than only taxonomy.\"},{\"question\":\"How do bacterial and viral compositions differ among healthy controls and asthma severity groups?\",\"answer\":\"Overall bacterial composition is similar across groups, with limited marginal differences. Viral composition shows overall bacteriophage abundance across groups, with a significant difference in combined viral presence between controls and non-severe patients.\"},{\"question\":\"Which functional gene patterns are associated with asthma severity?\",\"answer\":\"Beta-diversity dispersion and within-group functional dissimilarity increase with severity, suggesting growing heterogeneity. Phage-related genes decrease in asthma, while CRISPR-related genes are relatively increased, and prophage versus CRISPR-associated profiles differ between controls and severe asthma.\"}]","Altered Phage-Related Gene Profiles in Asthmatic Airways | PDF",1790709735,10,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,125,129,134,137,140],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":86,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":136},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":139},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":141,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":142,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":143},19,"General","general"]