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It reviews Roberts–Holmberg’s types, then focuses on correlations for Type 2 Partial and Type 3 Consistent languages relating 3SG generic versus 3SG referential null subjects. Using example sentences and argument structure, it analyzes Hungarian’s available null categories (expletive, referential, and generic exclusive) and examines how the generic inclusive operator/feature GN scopes over lexical and null subject realizations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/all-in-one-generic-inclusive-null-subjects-in-hungarian/289948/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/all-in-one-generic-inclusive-null-subjects-in-hungarian/289948.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How are null subject languages categorized in the paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper uses Roberts–Holmberg’s typology to distinguish Type 1 through Type 4 based on what kinds of null subjects are allowed, and then uses these distinctions to interpret Hungarian’s properties.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What correlation does Holmberg establish for Type 2 and Type 3 languages?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It states a relationship between 3SG generic versus 3SG referential null subjects: in Type 2, 3SG generic subjects must be null while 3SG referential subjects must not; in Type 3, 3SG referential subjects can be dropped while 3SG generic subjects must not be null.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which types of null subjects does Hungarian allow?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Hungarian is treated as a null subject language that allows expletive null subjects, referential null subjects, and generic exclusive null subjects, alongside additional cases where referential arguments and even objects can be null under specific conditions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},289948,1789638732,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","All-in-One: Generic Inclusive Null Subjects in  \nHungarian  \nGréte Dalmi  \nEszterházy College, Eger  \n1. Introduction1  \nRoberts – Holmberg (2010: 12) give a typology of Null Subject Languages (NSLs) on the basis of what kinds of null subject they allow:  \n(1) Type 1 Expletive null subject languages (German, Dutch)  \nType 2 Partial null subject languages (Finnish, Russian)  \nType 3 Consistent null subject languages (Italian, Greek)  \nType 4 Radical null subject languages (Chinese, Indonesian)  \nIn order to understand how Hungarian differs from Type 1–Type 4 languages, we must look at Type 2 and Type 3 languages first.  \nHolmberg (2005, 2010) establishes the following correlation between 3SG generic vs. 3SG referential null subjects in Type 2 Partial NSLs and Type 3 Consistent NSLs:  \n(2) Type 2 Partial NSLs: 3SG generic subjects must always be null, (4);  \n3SG referential subjects must not be null,(5);  \n(3) Type 3 Consistent NSLs: 3SG referential subjects can be freely dropped,(6);  \n3SG generic subjects must not be null, (7)-(8) .  \nType 2 NSLs: 3SG generic null subject  \n(4) Tässä pro GN/*i istuu mukavasti.  \nhere one/*he sits comfortably  \n‘One can sit comfortably here.’  \nType 2 NSLs: 3SG referential lexical subject  \n(5) Hän/*pro GN istuu mukavasti tässä .  \nhe/*one sits comfortably here  \n‘He sits comfortably here.’(Finnish, Holmberg 2010: 204-211)  \nType 3 NSLs: 3SG referential null subject  \n(6) pro Ha telefonato.  \nPERF3SG telephone.PTCP  \n‘He has telephoned.’ (Italian, Rizzi 1982)  \n􀀍 I wish to thank the following people for their helpful comments and suggestions: Huba Bartos, Anna Bondaruk, Veronika Hege􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅 Hans-􀀇􀀈􀀉􀀊􀀋􀀌 􀀍􀀈􀀎􀀉􀀊􀀌􀀎􀀉􀀅 􀀇􀀈􀀏gorzata Krzek, Edith Moravcsik, Halldór Ármann Sigurðsson.  \n1 Abbreviations:  \nACC = accusative case; COM = comitative case (together with); COP = copula; DAT = dative case; DEF = definite; FORM = formalis case (in a given form/way); GN = generic inclusive operator/feature; INESS = inessive case (in); INF = infinitive; NOM = nominative case; POT = potentialis mood; PASS = passive voice; PAST = past tense; PFX – prefix; POSS = possessive suffix; PRES = present tense; PTCP = participle; RFL = reflexive; SBJ = subjunctive mood; SBL = sublative case (onto); TOP = topic.  \n© 2014 Gréte Dalmi. Proceedings of the 31st West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, ed. Robert  \nE. Santana-LaBarge, 115-123. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.  \n116  \nType 3 NSLs : 3SG generic lexical subject  \n(7) Se si è morti, non ci si muove piu.  \nif one COP dead not RFL one move any more  \n‘If one is dead, one does not move any more.’  \n(Italian, D’Alessandro – Alexiadou 2003: 35)  \n(8) *Se proGN è morti, non ci proGN muove piu.  \nif one COP dead not RFL one move any more  \n‘If one is dead, one does not move any more.’  \n(Italian, D’Alessandro – Alexiadou 2003: 35)  \n3SG generic inclusive lexical vs. null subjects in Hungarian represent the free genericity-inducing vs. the bound variable occurrences of one identified by Moltmann (2006, 2010, 2012) . The 3SG generic inclusive lexical subject az emberGEN ‘the man’ instantiates genericity-inducing one, which does not require an antecedent and always receives widest scope interpretation; the 3SG generic inclusive null subject (pro GEN ) represents the bound variable occurrence of one, which requires a 3SG generic inclusive, long-distance, lexical antecedent. Both kinds of 3SG generic inclusive subject are in the scope of GN.  \n2. Null subjects in Hungarian  \nHungarian is a Null Subject Language in the sense of Jaeggli – Safir (1989: 29), which, however, does not fit in the typological system established by Roberts – Holmberg (2010: 12) . It allows (i) expletive null subjects (ii) referential null subjects and (iii) generic exclusive null subjects, as Type 2 Partial NSLs do:  \nEXPLETIVE NULL SUBJECT  \n(9) Már hajnal-od-ott pro EXPL, amikor el-alud-takk  \nalready dawn-RFL-PAST3SG EXPL when PFX-sleep-PAST3PL  \na gyerekek.  \nthe children  \n‘It was alread","cbCaimVH6U2V2Hx4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimVH6U2V2Hx4","pdf",293092,"English","# Introduction\n## Null subject typology (Roberts–Holmberg)\n## Correlations for Type 2 vs. Type 3 NSLs\n## Null subjects in Hungarian\n## Generic inclusive subjects in Hungarian","[{\"question\":\"How are null subject languages categorized in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses Roberts–Holmberg’s typology to distinguish Type 1 through Type 4 based on what kinds of null subjects are allowed, and then uses these distinctions to interpret Hungarian’s properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What correlation does Holmberg establish for Type 2 and Type 3 languages?\",\"answer\":\"It states a relationship between 3SG generic versus 3SG referential null subjects: in Type 2, 3SG generic subjects must be null while 3SG referential subjects must not; in Type 3, 3SG referential subjects can be dropped while 3SG generic subjects must not be null.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of null subjects does Hungarian allow?\",\"answer\":\"Hungarian is treated as a null subject language that allows expletive null subjects, referential null subjects, and generic exclusive null subjects, alongside additional cases where referential arguments and even objects can be null under specific conditions.\"}]","All-in-One: Generic Inclusive Null Subjects in Hungarian | PDF",25]