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The document outlines the Tribunal’s establishment, jurisdiction, indictment framework, trial procedures, and the accused’s defense, then addresses historical context, evidentiary matters, factual findings, and applicable law under the Statute. It culminates in legal findings across specific counts and a final verdict.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/akayesu-ictr-96-4-t-judgment/650233/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/akayesu-ictr-96-4-t-judgment/650233.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"SundayMiles","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What case does the judgment address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The judgment addresses the prosecution of Jean-Paul Akayesu (Case No. ICTR-96-4-T) concerning alleged crimes in Rwanda in 1994.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the International Tribunal established?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The Tribunal was established by a United Nations Security Council resolution (resolution 955 of 8 November 1994) after reviewing UN reports describing genocide and widespread violations in Rwanda.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which legal issues and counts are covered in the legal findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The legal findings cover specific counts under the Statute, including genocide, complicity, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},650233,1792822867,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1099529839202,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","CHAMBER I-CHAMBRE I  \nOR : ENG  \nBefore:  \nJudge Laïty Kama, Presiding  \nJudge Lennart Aspegren  \nJudge Navanethem Pillay  \nRegistry:  \nMr. Agwu U. Okali  \nDecision of: 2 September 1998  \nTHE PROSECUTOR  \nVERSUS  \nJEAN-PAUL AKAYESU  \nCase No. ICTR-96-4-T  \n\n| JUDGEMENT |\n| --- |\n| The Office of the Prosecutor:\u003Cbr>Mr. Pierre-Richard Prosper\u003Cbr>Counsel for the Accused:\u003Cbr>Mr. Nicolas Tiangaye\u003Cbr>Mr. Patrice Monthé |\n\nList of Contents  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \n1.1. The International Tribunal  \n1.2. The Indictment  \n1.3. Jurisdiction of the Tribunal  \nArticle 2: Genocide  \nArticle 3: Crimes against Humanity  \nArticle 4: Violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II  \nArticle 6: Individual Criminal Responsibility  \n1.4. The Trial  \n1.4.1. Procedural Background  \n1.4.2. The Accused's line of defence  \n1.5. The Accused and his functions in Taba (paragraphs 3-4 of the Indictment) De jure powers  \nDe facto powers  \n2. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE EVENTS IN RWANDA IN 1994  \n3. GENOCIDE IN RWANDA IN 1994?  \n4. EVIDENTIARY MATTERS  \n5. FACTUAL FINDINGS  \n5.1. General allegations (Paragraphs 5-11 of the Indictment)  \n5.2 Killings (Paragraphs 12, 13, 18, 19 & 20 of the Indictment)  \n5.2.1. Paragraph 12 of the Indictment  \n5.2.2. Paragraph 13 of the Indictment  \n5.2.3. Paragraph 18 of the Indictment 5.2.4. Paragraph 19 and 20 of the Indictment 5.3 Meeting  \n5.3.1. Paragraphs 14 and 15 of the Indictment  \n5.4 Beatings (Torture/Cruel Treatment) (Paragraphs 16, 17, 21, 22 & 23 of the Indictment)  \n5.5 Sexual Violence (Paragraphs 12A & 12B of the Indictment)  \n6. THE LAW  \n6.1 Cumulative Charges  \n6.2. Individual criminal responsibility (Article 6 of the Statute)  \n6.3. Genocide (Article 2 of the Statute)  \n6.3.1. Genocide  \n6.3.2. Complicity in Genocide  \n6.3.3. Direct and Public Incitement to commit Genocide 6.4. Crimes against Humanity (Article 3 of the Statute)  \n6.5. Violations of Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II (Article 4 of the Statute)  \n7. LEGAL FINDINGS  \n7.1. Counts 6, 8, 10 and 12-Violations of Common Article 3 (murder and cruel treatment) and Count 15-Violations of Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II (outrages upon personal dignity, in particular rape...)  \n7.2. Count 5-Crimes against humanity (murder)  \n7.3. Count 7-Crimes against Humanity (murder)  \n7.4. Count 9-Crimes against Humanity (murder)  \n7.5. Count 4-Direct and Public Incitement to commit Genocide  \n7.6. Count 11-Crimes against Humanity (torture)  \n7.7. Count 13 (rape) and Count 14 (other inhumane acts) -Crimes against Humanity  \n7.8. Count 1-Genocide, Count 2-Complicity in Genocide  \n7.9. Count 3-Crimes against Humanity (extermination)  \n8. VERDICT  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \n1.1. The International Tribunal  \n1. This judgment is rendered by Trial Chamber I of the International Tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January and 31 December 1994 (the \"Tribunal\") . The judgment follows the indictment and trial of Jean Paul Akayesu, a Rwandan citizen who was bourgmestre ofTaba commune, Prefecture of Gitarama, in Rwanda, at the time the crimes alleged in the indictment were perpetrated.  \n2. The Tribunal was established by the United Nations Security Council by its resolution 955 of 8 November 1994.1 After having reviewed various official United Nations  \nreports2 which indicated that acts of genocide and other systematic, widespread and flagrant violations of international humanitarian law had been committed in Rwanda, the Security Council concluded that the situation in Rwanda in 1994 constituted a threat to international peace and security within the meaning of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Determined to put an end to such crimes and \" convinced that...the prosec","cbCailLxnaf6EuYj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailLxnaf6EuYj","pdf",1155312,191,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n## The International Tribunal\n## The Indictment\n## Jurisdiction of the Tribunal\n## The Trial\n# HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE EVENTS IN RWANDA IN 1994\n# GENOCIDE IN RWANDA IN 1994?\n# EVIDENTIARY MATTERS\n# FACTUAL FINDINGS\n# THE LAW\n# LEGAL FINDINGS\n# VERDICT","[{\"question\":\"What case does the judgment address?\",\"answer\":\"The judgment addresses the prosecution of Jean-Paul Akayesu (Case No. ICTR-96-4-T) concerning alleged crimes in Rwanda in 1994.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the International Tribunal established?\",\"answer\":\"The Tribunal was established by a United Nations Security Council resolution (resolution 955 of 8 November 1994) after reviewing UN reports describing genocide and widespread violations in Rwanda.\"},{\"question\":\"Which legal issues and counts are covered in the legal findings?\",\"answer\":\"The legal findings cover specific counts under the Statute, including genocide, complicity, direct and public incitement to commit genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II.\"}]","Akayesu ICTR-96-4-T - Judgment | PDF",481]