[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-377885-105":59,"doc-detail-377885-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","air-pollution-egfr-mutation-and-cancer-initiation","Air pollution, EGFR mutation, and cancer initiation","","Air pollution, particularly PM2.5 exposure, is linked to lung cancer incidence, especially in never-smokers with activating EGFR mutations. Findings from multiple international cohorts suggest that living in high-pollution areas increases the likelihood of developing lung cancer and that several years of higher PM2.5 exposure are enough to establish the association. Mechanistic work shows PM2.5 expands mutant EGFR-harboring ATII progenitor-like cells via interstitial macrophage-derived IL-1b, and anti-IL-1b treatment can inhibit tumor formation, highlighting a prevention target.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/air-pollution-egfr-mutation-and-cancer-initiation/377885/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/air-pollution-egfr-mutation-and-cancer-initiation/377885.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main relationship between PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer described here?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"PM2.5 exposure is associated with a higher incidence of EGFR/KRAS-driven lung cancer, particularly in never-smokers with EGFR mutation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do the results connect pre-existing EGFR/KRAS mutations to cancer initiation?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Activating EGFR mutations and driver alterations can be detected in non-cancerous lung tissues, and PM2.5 and driver mutations act as independent risk factors with synergistic effects.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What mechanism explains how PM2.5 promotes tumorigenesis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"PM2.5 increases interstitial macrophages, which release IL-1b to enhance a progenitor-like state in mutant EGFR-harboring alveolar type II cells, enabling lung adenocarcinoma formation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},377885,1790835319,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","ll  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nSpotlight  \nAir pollution, EGFR mutation, and cancer initiation  \nSi-Chong Han,1 Gui-Zhen Wang,1 and Guang-Biao Zhou1,*  \n1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China  \n*Correspondence: [gbzhou@cicams.ac.cn](gbzhou@cicams.ac.cn)  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101046](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101046)  \nSwanton et al.1 find that PM2.5 exposure is associated with EGFR/KRAS-driven lung cancer incidence. PM2.5 increases EGFR pre-mutated alveolar type II cell progenitor function and tumorigenic activity through interstitial macrophage-secreted IL-1b, providing potential prevention approaches to inhibit cancer initiation.  \nAccording to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Air Quality Guidelines (annual mean values of 5 mg/m3 for particulate matter [PM] equal to or smaller than 2 .5 mm in diameter [PM2.5] and 15 mg/m3 for PM10, and 24-h mean values of 15 mg/m3 for PM2.5 and 45 mg/m3 for PM10),2 nearly all of the global population (>99%) breathes air that exceeds these guideline limits. Air pollution contains PM, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, while PM contains chemicals such as benzene, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene [BaP] and others) .3 ,4 Ambient and household air pollution causes 6.8 million premature deaths annually worldwide, with 11%(748,000) of deaths attributed to lung cancer.5 PM2.5 induces genomic mutations6 and epigenetic modifications,7 and some molecules are critical for pollutant-induced carcinogenesis, because knockdown of which leads to inhibition of carcinogen-caused lung cancer in mice.8 ,9 However, how air pollution triggers cancer initiation and progression remains obscure, partially due to the complex nature of air pollutants and affected individuals’ exposure to tobacco/secondhand tobacco smoke, resulting in a lack of appropriate model for in-depth analysis.  \nIn the April 2023 issue of Nature, Charles Swanton and colleagues investigate the association between PM2.5 levels and incidence of lung cancer in neversmokers, which are usually lung adenocarcinoma and triggered by intrinsic mutations in a gene called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) .1 They also analyze the association between PM2.5 exposure time and lung cancer inci-  \ndence. The authors carry out the study in 5 cohorts from England, South Korea, Taiwan region, Canada, and UK Biobank that contain 440,466 subjects of White and Asian ancestries, who were exposed to PM2.5 at low, intermediate, and relatively high levels. They find that nonsmokers with EGFR mutation living in high-pollution areas are more likely to develop lung cancer than those living in low-pollution areas, and 3 years of high PM2.5 exposure is sufficient to establish the connection between air pollution and lung cancer incidence (Figure 1A) . These results indicate the significance of mitigation of air pollution in prevention of lung cancer.  \nCancers are believed to originate from a single cell that obtains somatic driver mutations. So far, no evidence suggests that environmental carcinogens could induce gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, though EGFR mutation rate in lung cancers from an air pollution region is higher than in affected individuals from lesspolluted regions (38% vs. 27%; p = 0. 14) .6 Swanton et [al. show](al. show) that in 38 out of 195 (19%) affected individuals, the activating EGFR mutations are detected in non-cancerous lung tissues but not in counterpart tumor tissues. They further uncover that 54 out of 295 (18%) noncancerous lung tissues harbor an EGFR driver mutation, and 43 out of 81 (53%) non-cancerous lung tissues harbor a KRAS driver mutation (Figure 1A) . These unexpected results highlight the mutagenic effect of environmental pollutants on normal lung epithelial cells","cbCaih2EfKGvhjXJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih2EfKGvhjXJ","pdf",1954146,"English","# Key Epidemiological Evidence\n## Cohort-level association in never-smokers\n# Biological Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis\n## Role of PM2.5-induced mutations and pre-existing driver alterations\n# Macrophage-IL-1b Axis and Therapeutic Implications\n## Anti-IL-1b intervention in murine models","[{\"question\":\"What is the main relationship between PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer described here?\",\"answer\":\"PM2.5 exposure is associated with a higher incidence of EGFR/KRAS-driven lung cancer, particularly in never-smokers with EGFR mutation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the results connect pre-existing EGFR/KRAS mutations to cancer initiation?\",\"answer\":\"Activating EGFR mutations and driver alterations can be detected in non-cancerous lung tissues, and PM2.5 and driver mutations act as independent risk factors with synergistic effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanism explains how PM2.5 promotes tumorigenesis?\",\"answer\":\"PM2.5 increases interstitial macrophages, which release IL-1b to enhance a progenitor-like state in mutant EGFR-harboring alveolar type II cells, enabling lung adenocarcinoma formation.\"}]","Air pollution, EGFR mutation, and cancer initiation | PDF",1790227520]