[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-352809-105":59,"doc-detail-352809-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ai-enhanced-vibrational-capsule-for-minimally-invasive-detection-of-abnormal-bowel-tissue","AI-Enhanced Vibrational Capsule for Minimally Invasive Detection of Abnormal Bowel Tissue","","Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality, and outcomes depend heavily on early detection. Conventional visual methods such as colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy can miss subsurface biomechanical abnormalities. An AI-enhanced vibration-assisted swallowable capsule is designed for in situ biomechanical sensing using motor-induced tissue oscillation and wirelessly transmitted acceleration signals, enabling real-time analysis. Ex vivo porcine colon and soft simulator experiments show reproducible mechanical contrasts between normal tissue and lesions with different stiffness. A one-class support vector machine classifies anomalies using normal-only training, supported by dynamic modeling to estimate equivalent stiffness and correlate with abnormal detection results.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ai-enhanced-vibrational-capsule-for-minimally-invasive-detection-of-abnormal-bowel-tissue/352809/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ai-enhanced-vibrational-capsule-for-minimally-invasive-detection-of-abnormal-bowel-tissue/352809.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is early detection important for colorectal cancer outcomes?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Prognosis strongly depends on the stage at diagnosis, so early detection improves survival and reduces long-term health burdens and costs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What problem does the vibration-assisted capsule address compared with conventional methods?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Visual inspection-based approaches have limited sensitivity to subsurface biomechanical alterations, and can miss early fibrotic or neoplastic changes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the system classify abnormal bowel tissue without extensive labeled data?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It uses a one-class support vector machine trained exclusively on normal tissue data to distinguish abnormal tissues.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},352809,1790621415,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549768702563,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000c4aa63b76e948b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786536092046926083","Advanced Science    \n[www.advancedscience.com](www.advancedscience.com)  \n RESEARCH ARTICLE   \nAI-Enhanced Vibrational Capsule for Minimally Invasive Detection of Abnormal Bowel Tissue  \nXizheng Fang1  Yao Yan2  Kenneth Omokhagbo Afebu1  Andrew Bickerdike1  Bo Tian1  Yang Liu1   Shyam Prasad3  \n1 Exeter Small-Scale Robotics Laboratory, Engineering Department, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK  2 School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of  \nElectronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China  3 Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK Correspondence: Yang Liu ([y.liu2@exeter.ac.uk](y.liu2@exeter.ac.uk))  \nReceived: 12 September 2025  Revised: 3 February 2026  Accepted: 8 February 2026  \nKeywords: artificial intelligence | biomechanical lesion detection | bowel cancer | minimally invasive diagnosis | one-class support vector machine | vibration-assisted capsule endoscopy  \nABSTRACT  \nColorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality, and its prognosis is strongly dependent on early detection. Conventional diagnostic approaches, such as colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy, primarily rely on visual inspection and often fail to capture subsurface or biomechanical abnormalities. To address this limitation, an AI-enhanced vibration-assisted capsule is developed for in situ biomechanical sensing of bowel tissues. The self-contained capsule integrates an eccentric vibration motor, triaxial accelerometer, power supply, and wireless communication unit within a swallowable format. During operation, motor-induced oscillations deform surrounding tissue, and the resulting acceleration responses are wirelessly transmitted for real-time analysis. Experiments conducted on ex vivo porcine colon specimens and a soft pneumatic in vitro colon simulator demonstrate that vibration-induced signals capture reproducible mechanical contrasts between normal tissue and lesions of varying relative stiffness. A one-class support vector machine, trained exclusively on normal tissue data, is employed to classify abnormal tissues without requiring extensive annotated datasets. Complementary dynamic modeling further identifies equivalent stiffness parameters, correlating lesion stiffness with abnormal classifications. This work demonstrates a minimally invasive, AIdriven modality for non-visual colorectal cancer detection, establishing the potential of vibration-assisted capsules to provide real-time, patient-friendly screening and to complement existing imaging-based diagnostics.  \n1  Introduction  \nGastrointestinal health is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of systemic homeostasis and long-term disease prevention. Conditions such as colorectal cancer [1], inflammatory bowel disease [2], and irritable bowel syndrome [3] contribute substantially to the global disease burden. Among these, colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancerrelated mortality, with prognosis strongly dependent on stage at diagnosis [4, 5] . Early and minimally invasive detection is therefore essential for improving survival and reducing health-  \ncare costs [6, 7] . This imperative is especially urgent for early neoplastic or precancerous lesions, which often present with vague or subclinical symptoms and are difficult to detect using conventional methods [8, 9] .  \nCurrent diagnostic techniques such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and capsule endoscopy rely primarily on visual inspection of the luminal mucosa [10–12] . While these approaches provide high-resolution imagery, they offer limited sensitivity to subsurface or biomechanical alterations that accompany pathological remodeling [13, 14]. Recent advances inAI-augmented gas-  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2026 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH  \nAdva","cbCaiooVL8bdT92Y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiooVL8bdT92Y","pdf",4609628,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and clinical need\n## Limitations of visual and existing diagnostic methods\n## Rationale for mechanical biomarkers\n## Prior related vibration and sensing approaches","[{\"question\":\"Why is early detection important for colorectal cancer outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Prognosis strongly depends on the stage at diagnosis, so early detection improves survival and reduces long-term health burdens and costs.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the vibration-assisted capsule address compared with conventional methods?\",\"answer\":\"Visual inspection-based approaches have limited sensitivity to subsurface biomechanical alterations, and can miss early fibrotic or neoplastic changes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the system classify abnormal bowel tissue without extensive labeled data?\",\"answer\":\"It uses a one-class support vector machine trained exclusively on normal tissue data to distinguish abnormal tissues.\"}]","AI-Enhanced Vibrational Capsule for Minimally Invasive Detection of Abnormal Bowel Tissue | PDF",1790101481,43]