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Midwestern farmers also suffered from debt and hostile weather, including devastating droughts in the Great Plains. In the South, sharecropping entrenched cycles of debt, overproduction of cotton and tobacco, and soil exhaustion. Organized responses began with the Grange movement, later shifted toward Farmers’ Alliances and culminated in Populist political mobilization.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/agrarian-distress-and-the-rise-of-populism-grange-to-populist-party/611919/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/agrarian-distress-and-the-rise-of-populism-grange-to-populist-party/611919.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What pushed the price of agricultural commodities downward?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Heavy supply pushed agricultural commodity prices downward across markets.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did Midwestern farmers describe their main problems?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They were increasingly restive about excessive railroad freight rates, resented protective tariffs and high equipment costs, and blamed debt burdens from banks holding their mortgages.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were sharecroppers, and what effect did this system have in the South?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Sharecroppers were tenants who paid up to half of their crop for rent, seed, and supplies. The system locked many into cycles of debt, leading to overproduction of cotton and tobacco, declining prices, and exhaustion of the soil.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},611919,1793061697,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Name:   Date:   Class:    \nAgrarian Distress and the Rise of Populism  \nIn spite of their remarkable progress, late-19th century American farmers experienced recurring periods of hardship. Mechanical improvements greatly increased yield per hectare. The amount of land under cultivation grew rapidly throughout the second half of the century, as the railroadsand the gradual displacement of the Plains Indians opened up new areas for western settlement. A similar expansion of agricultural lands in countries such as Canada, Argentina, and Australia compounded these problems in the international market, where much of U. S. agricultural production was now sold. Everywhere, heavy supply pushed the price of agricultural commodities downward.  \n1. What pushed the price of agricultural commodities downward?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nMidwestern farmers were  \nincreasingly restive over what they considered excessive railroad freight rates to  \nmove their goods to market. They believed that the protective tariff, a subsidy to big business, drove up the price of their increasingly expensive equipment. Squeezed by low market prices and high costs, they resented ever-heavier debt loads and the banks that held their mortgages. Even the weather was hostile. During the late 1880s droughts devastated the western Great Plains and bankrupted thousands of settlers.  \n2. Describe the plight of Midwestern farmers.  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nIn the South, the end of slavery brought major changes. Much agricultural land was now worked by sharecroppers, tenants who gave up to half of their crop to a landowner for rent, seed, and essential supplies. An estimated 80 percent of the South's African-American farmers and 40  \npercent of its white ones lived under this  \nFree Educational Materials Online [www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com](www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com)  \nName:   Date:   Class:    \ndebilitating system. Most were locked in a cycle of debt, from which the only hope of escape was increased planting. This led to the over-production of cotton and tobacco, and thus to declining prices and the further exhaustion of the soil.  \n3. What are sharecroppers?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\n4. What caused declining cotton and tobacco production and the exhaustion of the soil in the South?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nThe first organized effort to address general agricultural problems was by the Patrons of Husbandry, a farmer's group popularly known as the Grange movement. Launched in 1867 by employees of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Granges focused initially on social activities to counter the isolation most farm families encountered. Women's participation was actively encouraged. Spurred by the Panic of 1873, the Grange soon grew to 20,000  \nchapters and one-and-a-half million members.  \nThe Granges set up their own marketing systems, stores, processing plants, factories, and cooperatives, but most ultimately failed. The movement also enjoyed some political success. During the 1870s, a few states passed \"Granger laws,\"limiting railroad and warehouse fees.  \n5. Describe the Grange movement.  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n|  |\n\nBy 1880 the Grange was in decline and being replaced by the Farmers'Alliances, which were similar in many respects but more overtly political. By 1890 the alliances, initially autonomous state organizations, had about 1.5 million members from New York to California. A parallel African-American group, the Colored Farmers National Alliance, claimed over a million members. Federating into two large Northern and Southern blocs, the alliances promoted elaborate economic programs to \"unite the farmers of America for their protection against class legislation and the encroachments of concentrated  \ncapital.\"  \nFree Educational Materials Online [www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com](www.STUDENTHANDOUTS.com)  \nName:   Date:   Class:    \n6. What began to replace the Grange by 1880?  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n7. Afr","cbCaideq02uftZw8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaideq02uftZw8","pdf",107666,"English","# Agrarian Distress and the Rise of Populism\n## Causes of Low Commodity Prices\n## Plight of Midwestern Farmers\n## Sharecropping and Southern Agricultural Decline\n## The Grange Movement\n## Shift to Farmers' Alliances and Rise of Populism","[{\"question\":\"What pushed the price of agricultural commodities downward?\",\"answer\":\"Heavy supply pushed agricultural commodity prices downward across markets.\"},{\"question\":\"How did Midwestern farmers describe their main problems?\",\"answer\":\"They were increasingly restive about excessive railroad freight rates, resented protective tariffs and high equipment costs, and blamed debt burdens from banks holding their mortgages.\"},{\"question\":\"What were sharecroppers, and what effect did this system have in the South?\",\"answer\":\"Sharecroppers were tenants who paid up to half of their crop for rent, seed, and supplies. The system locked many into cycles of debt, leading to overproduction of cotton and tobacco, declining prices, and exhaustion of the soil.\"}]","Agrarian Distress and the Rise of Populism - Grange to Populist Party | PDF",1792382433]