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It covers poorly differentiated thyroid cancer introduced as a distinct category in 2004, differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma added to the 2022 WHO classification, and anaplastic thyroid cancer known for rapid, therapy-resistant progression and the shortest survival. Treatment, management, and follow-up are discussed with emphasis on recent literature from the last 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aggressive thyroid cancer categories are discussed in this review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The review categorizes aggressive thyroid cancer into three entities: aggressive subtypes of DTC (e.g., tall cell, hobnail, diffuse sclerosing, solid and columnar), high-grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (including poorly differentiated and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) related?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"PDTC and DHGTC are described as two recently reclassified, distinct entities with overlapping clinical phenotypes, and they are both placed under the umbrella term high-grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (HGFDTC).",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is emphasized about anaplastic thyroid cancer prognosis and progression?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Anaplastic thyroid cancer is characterized by rapid, therapy-resistant progression and is associated with the shortest survival among the discussed thyroid cancer types.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},331460,1790111980,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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Alexandra Chrisoulidou 1, *  \nCitation: Boudina, M.; Zisimopoulou, E.; Xirou, P.; Chrisoulidou, A.  \nAggressive Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 6119. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)jcm13206119  \nAcademic Editors: Alberto Signore and François Jamar  \nReceived: 14 July 2024  \nRevised: 16 September 2024  \nAccepted: 8 October 2024  \nPublished: 14 October 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Endocrinology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece; [mariaboudina@gmail.com](mariaboudina@gmail.com) (M.B.); [el_zisimopoulou@yahoo.gr](el_zisimopoulou@yahoo.gr) (E.Z.)  \n2 Department of Pathology, Genekor S.A., 15344 Gerakas, Greece; [pxirou@gmail.com](pxirou@gmail.com)  \n* Correspondence: [a.chrisoulidou@gmail.com](a.chrisoulidou@gmail.com)  \nAbstract: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes many subtypes, which demonstrate favorable to aggressive behavior. During the past decades, efforts have been made to describe aggressive thyroid cancers. Within DTC, aggressive variants constitute rare entities with unique histopathological features and compromised survival, as local and distant metastatic disease is frequent. In recent years, the distinct category of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer was introduced in 2004 and the type of differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma was recently added in the 2022 WHO classification of thyroid neoplasms. Finally, anaplastic thyroid cancer exhibits a rapid, resistant to therapy, progression and confers the shortest survival. In this review, we will present the characteristics of these thyroid cancer types and also discuss the treatment, management, and follow-up of these difficult cases. Emphasis was given to recent bibliography of the last decade.  \nKeywords: differentiated 1; poorly differentiated 2; differentiated high-grade 3; anaplastic thyroid cancer 4  \n1. Introduction  \nThyroid cancer arising from follicular epithelial cells represents the commonest endocrine malignancy. Most of these neoplasms are well differentiated and have a favorable prognosis. Under the term differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the commonest subtypes of papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) are included, representing more than 90% of thyroid cancer. However, within DTC cases, tumors of poor differentiation have long been recognized, differing in terms of histology, clinical behavior, metastatic potential and prognosis from the classic DTC tumors [1] . These aggressive forms have been associated with local infiltrative disease, local recurrences, and distant metastases [2] . Although histological uncertainty may exist in some cases, the identification of these thyroid cancer types is important for the clinician, as patients with aggressive forms of TC require close follow-up and meticulous management.  \nIn recent years, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC), represent two, recently reclassified, distinct entities with overlapping clinical phenotypes. Their incidence seems to be less than 5% of all thyroid malignancies [3] . PDTC and DHGTC constitute two separate, nevertheless similar entities, placed under the term high-grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (HGFDTC) [4,5] .  \nIn summary, aggressive types of thyroid cancer can be categorized into three different entities (Figure 1):  \n1. Aggressive subtypes of DTC (tall cell, hobnail, diffuse sclerosing, solid and columnar)  \n2. HGFD","cbCaidhzoyL3wrcJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidhzoyL3wrcJ","pdf",520719,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Aggressive subtypes of DTC\n## Tall Cell Variant of PTC","[{\"question\":\"What aggressive thyroid cancer categories are discussed in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review categorizes aggressive thyroid cancer into three entities: aggressive subtypes of DTC (e.g., tall cell, hobnail, diffuse sclerosing, solid and columnar), high-grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (including poorly differentiated and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.\"},{\"question\":\"How are poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) related?\",\"answer\":\"PDTC and DHGTC are described as two recently reclassified, distinct entities with overlapping clinical phenotypes, and they are both placed under the umbrella term high-grade follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma (HGFDTC).\"},{\"question\":\"What is emphasized about anaplastic thyroid cancer prognosis and progression?\",\"answer\":\"Anaplastic thyroid cancer is characterized by rapid, therapy-resistant progression and is associated with the shortest survival among the discussed thyroid cancer types.\"}]","Aggressive Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms - Review | PDF",1789993331]