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Results show gender affects attitudes and motivation, age shows no effect, and mini-AMTB positively predicts WTL.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/age-gender-attitudes-and-motivation-as-predictors-of-willingness-to-listen-in-l2/589955/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/age-gender-attitudes-and-motivation-as-predictors-of-willingness-to-listen-in-l2/589955.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Cart","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What relationship does the study examine between EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation and willingness to listen (WTL)?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study investigates whether EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation are related to their willingness to listen (WTL), focusing particularly on the links involving mini-AMTB scores.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do gender and age affect EFL learners’ attitudes, motivation, and WTL?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation, while age shows no effect on attitudes and motivation; mini-AMTB is also found to be positively associated with WTL.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which instrument predicts WTL in the findings, and what does the study conclude?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Mini-AMTB significantly predicts WTL, and the paper concludes with implications for further research exploring WTL in different contexts using additional personal variables.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},589955,1792122658,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":112,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":117,"preview_page_count":4},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Advances in Language and Literary Studies  \nISSN: 2203-4714  \n[www.alls.aiac.org.au](www.alls.aiac.org.au)  \n| Age, Gender, Attitudes and Motivation as Predictors of Willingness to Listen in L2\u003Cbr>Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir*\u003Cbr>Department of English Language Teaching, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey Corresponding Author: Ahmet Selçuk Akdemir, E-mail: [aselcukakdemir@gmail.com](aselcukakdemir@gmail.com) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| ARTICLE INFO | ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The aim of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the attitudes and motivation of EFL learners and their willingness to listen (WTL); possible effects of age and gender on EFL learners’WTL, attitude and motivation. A quantitative study was designed in which 239 participants, intermediate level EFL learners at a public university, took a set of instruments, namely a reduced version of the AMTB, mini-AMTB, and WTL scale in Likert type. The participants were also asked to specify their gender and age during data collection procedure. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.0. Percentage and frequency analyses, independent samples t-test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were employed in data analysis phase. The results of the study showed that gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation while age has no effect on attitudes and motivation; also it was found that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores ofthe participants. According to the findings ofthe current study the predictive power of mini-AMTB of WTL has been found statistically meaningful. The findings have revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL scores of the participants. Gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation as female participants’ miniAMTB scores were found higher than those of male participants. Also a meaningful relationship between mini-AMTB and WTL has been found according to regression analysis. The paper concludes with implications for further research to investigate the WTL in various contexts with other personal variables. |\n| Article history\u003Cbr>Received: March 26, 2019\u003Cbr>Accepted: June 11, 2019\u003Cbr>Published: August 31, 2019\u003Cbr>Volume: 10 Issue: 4\u003Cbr>Advance access: July 2019 |  |\n| Conflicts of interest: None\u003Cbr>Funding: None |  |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>WTL,\u003Cbr>Attitudes,\u003Cbr>Motivation,\u003Cbr>Learner Variables,\u003Cbr>Language Learning |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nBased on Gardner’s (1985) socio-educational model, L2 learning is believed to be influenced by several personal and social factors such as attitude, anxiety, aptitude, motivation and intelligence. Learner motivation is probably oneof the most widely studied personal variable in language learning. The relevant literature provides a wealth of data on the causative and/or predictive relationships between or among aforementioned concepts. Yet, there is a research gap in terms of the relationship between any personal or social variable and willingness to listen in L2, a relatively new concept in language learning and teaching research.  \nTheoretical Background  \nWhile it was previously accepted as a fixed, easily measurable variable, contemporary conception of motivation points out its dynamic and moment-to-moment nature (Tatar, 2017) . Gardner (1985) proposed that attitude and motivation have great impact on L2 learning as they are the key drives for learners who pursue communicative purposes in L2 learning. Gardner,s integrative and socio-educational conceptions of motivation were followed by Deci and Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory in which intrinsic and  \nextrinsic motivation types were defined. Intrinsic, extrinsic and integrative motivational orientations in L2 learning have been proposed based on self-determination theory (Noels, 2001; Noels, Pelletier, Clément & Vallerand, 2000) . Several studies have investigated process-based models of motivation (Dörnyei, 2009; Dörnyei & Otto, 1998;","cbCaijc87iH5IHiT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijc87iH5IHiT","pdf",402624,"English","# Article Info\n## Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Theoretical Background\n# Method and Data Analysis\n# Results and Implications","[{\"question\":\"What relationship does the study examine between EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation and willingness to listen (WTL)?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates whether EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation are related to their willingness to listen (WTL), focusing particularly on the links involving mini-AMTB scores.\"},{\"question\":\"How do gender and age affect EFL learners’ attitudes, motivation, and WTL?\",\"answer\":\"Gender affects EFL learners’ attitudes and motivation, while age shows no effect on attitudes and motivation; mini-AMTB is also found to be positively associated with WTL.\"},{\"question\":\"Which instrument predicts WTL in the findings, and what does the study conclude?\",\"answer\":\"Mini-AMTB significantly predicts WTL, and the paper concludes with implications for further research exploring WTL in different contexts using additional personal variables.\"}]","Age, Gender, Attitudes and Motivation as Predictors of Willingness to Listen in L2 | PDF",1792068476]