[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40347-en":3,"doc-seo-40347-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":82},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40347,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",2,"Literature","After Geoengineering Climate Tragedy Repair and Restoration","After Geoengineering: Climate Tragedy, Repair, and Restoration explores the escalating reality of climate disruption at around one degree of warming and the psychological and societal tipping points that may follow reduced confidence in emissions cuts. It frames solar geoengineering as a consequential “necessary” alternative, focusing on concepts like stratospheric aerosol injection and the rationale of blocking sunlight. The text connects shifting atmospheric patterns, extreme events, and the geophysical limits of late interventions, using clear scientific context about solar input and reflection.","After Geoengineering  \nAfter Geoengineering  \nClimate Tragedy, Repair, and Restoration  \nHolly Jean Buck  \nFirst published by Verso 2019  \n© Holly Jean Buck 2019  \nAll rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2  \nVerso  \nUK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201  \n[versobooks.com](versobooks.com)  \nVerso is the imprint of New Left Books  \nISBN-13: 978-1-78873-036-5  \nISBN-13: 978-1-78663-799-4 (UK EBK)  \nISBN-13: 978-1-78873-038-9 (US EBK)  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nA catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress  \nTypeset in Fournier by MJ & N Gavan, Truro, Cornwall Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY  \nContents  \nIntroduction. Desperation Point  \nPart I. Cultivation  \n1. Cultivating Energy  \nFlowers  \n2. Cultivating the Seas  \nGhost Bar  \n3. Regenerating  \nPart II. Burial  \n4. Capturing  \nPecan Tree  \n5. Weathering  \nMountain  \nPart III. The After-Zero Society  \n6. Working  \n7. Learning  \n8. Co-opting  \nPart IV. Buying Time  \n9. Programming  \n10. Reckoning  \nAcknowledgments  \nNotes Index  \nIntroduction  \nDesperation Point  \nDecember in California at one degree of warming: ash motes float lazily through the afternoon light as distant wildfires rage. This smoky “winter” follows a brutal autumn at one degree of warming: a wayward hurricane roared toward Ireland, while Puerto Rico’s grid, lashed by winds, remains dark. This winter, the stratospheric winds break down. The polar jet splits and warps, shoving cold air into the middle of the United States. Then, summer again: drought grips Europe, forests in Sweden are burning, the Rhine is drying up. And so on.  \nOne degree of warming has already revealed itself to be about more than just elevated temperatures. Wild variability is the new normal. Atmospheric patterns get stuck in place, creating multi-week spells of weather that are out of place. Megafires and extreme events are also the new normal—or the new abnormal, as Jerry Brown, California’s former governor, put it. One degree is more than one unit of measurement. One degree is about the uncanny, and the unfamiliar.  \nIf this is one degree, what will three degrees be like? Four?  \nAt some point—maybe it will be two, or three, or four degrees of warming—people will lose hope in the capacity of current emissions-reduction measures to avert climate upheaval. On one hand, there is a personal threshold at which one loses hope: many of the climate scientists I know are there already. But there’s also a societal threshold: a turning point, after which the collective discourse of ambition will slip into something else. A shift of narrative. Voices that say,“Let’s be realistic; we’re not going to make it.” Whatever making it means: perhaps limiting warming to 2°C, or 1.5, as the Paris Agreement urged the world to strive for. There will be a moment where“we,” in some kind of implied community, decide that something else must be tried. Where “we”say: Okay, it’s too late. We didn’t try our best, and now we are in that bad future. Then, there will be grappling for something that can be done.  \nThis is the point where it becomes “necessary” to consider the future we didn’t want: solar geoengineering. People will talk about changing how we live, from diet to consumption to transportation; but by then, the geophysics of the system will no longer be on our side. A specter rears its head: the idea of injecting aerosols into the stratosphere to block incoming sunlight. The vision is one of shielding ourselves in a haze of intentional pollution, a security blanket that now seems safer than the alternative. This discussion, while not an absolute given, seems plausible, if not probable, from the vantage point of one degree of warming—especially given that emissions ar","cbCaiqBJ5w7ils8Q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqBJ5w7ils8Q","pdf",1537856,3,1,181,"English","en",105,"# Introduction. Desperation Point\n## Part I. Cultivation\n## Part II. Burial\n## Part III. The After-Zero Society\n## Part IV. Buying Time","[{\"question\":\"How does the introduction explain the baseline of sunlight entering the climate system?\",\"answer\":\"It references the “solar constant” and explains that incoming solar energy varies despite its name. It also notes that a large share of sunlight is reflected back into space, with remaining radiation shaped by clouds, surface reflectivity, and atmospheric composition.\"}]",1783310562,279,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":77,"head_meta":79,"extra_data":81,"updated_unix":28},"after-geoengineering-climate-tragedy-repair-and-restoration","",{"@graph":36,"@context":76},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,49],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/after-geoengineering-climate-tragedy-repair-and-restoration/40347/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"How does the introduction explain the baseline of sunlight entering the climate system?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"It references the “solar constant” and explains that incoming solar energy varies despite its name. It also notes that a large share of sunlight is reflected back into space, with remaining radiation shaped by clouds, surface reflectivity, and atmospheric composition.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":78,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":80,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":83},[84,88,91,95,100,105,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},80,"literature",{"id":51,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},19,"General","general"]