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It also assesses how demographic variables influence both trait leadership and leadership effectiveness. The research uses a questionnaire survey with a sample of 424 students. Descriptive and inferential statistics include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results show high levels of both trait leadership and effectiveness, with mixed demographic effects by gender, age, education level, teaching position, and teaching year.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-volume-13-issue-2-full-length-research-paper-a-study-of-trait-leaders-and-leadership-effectiveness-of-fudaoyuan/591354/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-volume-13-issue-2-full-length-research-paper-a-study-of-trait-leaders-and-leadership-effectiveness-of-fudaoyuan/591354.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study examine regarding FUDAOYUAN?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines FUDAOYUAN’s trait leadership and leadership effectiveness based on teachers’ perspectives at Fuzhou University of Foreign Studies and Trade.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A questionnaire survey was used with a sample size of 424 students, analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main findings about leadership levels and demographics?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Trait leadership and leadership effectiveness of FUDAOYUAN were found at a high level. 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The sample size was 424 students from the Fuzhou University of Foreign Studies and Trade. The research instruments were questionnaires. Statistics include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The findings were that the trait leaders of FUDAOYUAN from the teachers’ perspective at Fuzhou University of Foreign Studies and Trade is at a high level. The leadership effectiveness of FUDAOYUAN from the teachers’ perspective at Fuzhou University of Foreign Studies and Trade is at a high level. The effect of demographic variables’ teachers'perspectives on FUDAOYUAN results indicates that gender differences are insignificant on teachers’ perspective on traits leaders and leadership effectiveness; age is significant on teachers’ perspective on traits leaders but insignificant on leadership effectiveness ; education level is significant on teachers’ perspective on traits leaders but not leadership effectiveness; teaching position is significant on teachers’ perspective on traits leaders and leadership effectiveness; year of teaching is insignificant on teachers’ perspective on traits leaders and leadership effectiveness.\u003Cbr>Keywords: FUDAOYUAN, trait leaders, leadership effectiveness, demographic variables. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: panjanat.v@mai[l. rmutk.ac.th](l. rmutk.ac.th). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nIn the 21st century, leadership has become a crucial determinant of organizational success across various domains, including education. Leaders are expected to possess visionary thinking, motivation skills, and the ability to foster collaboration and engagement within their institutions (Barnett and McCormick, 2012) . Effective leadership enables organizations to adapt to technological advancements, economic fluctuations, and global competition, ensuring sustainable growth and innovation. This necessity extends to higher education institutions, where leadership is integral to fostering academic excellence, student development, and  \ninstitutional effectiveness. The leading role of a university counsellor is working with students.  \nFUDAOYUAN,\" which translates to \"counsellor,\" is responsible for all aspects of life for international students. It is a challenging task because no one person can resolve every issue on their own (Ziyi, 2017) . At the institutional level, faculty administrators or student deans only support FUDAOYUAN when the issue is very serious. FUDAOYUAN has a dual identity, not only belonging to university teachers but also to the management cadres of the university. FUDAOYUAN is a special professional and deliberate process that helps  \nAfr Educ Res J 158  \npeople become more self-aware and recognize, deal with, and discover coping mechanisms for life's obstacles. However, the effectiveness of FUDAOYUAN leadership remains an underexplored area, particularly ","cbCaiicBDv0fpcGm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiicBDv0fpcGm","pdf",148171,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Concept of leadership in education\n## Role and duties of FUDAOYUAN\n## Research objectives\n## Research questions","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine regarding FUDAOYUAN?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines FUDAOYUAN’s trait leadership and leadership effectiveness based on teachers’ perspectives at Fuzhou University of Foreign Studies and Trade.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted?\",\"answer\":\"A questionnaire survey was used with a sample size of 424 students, analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about leadership levels and demographics?\",\"answer\":\"Trait leadership and leadership effectiveness of FUDAOYUAN were found at a high level. Gender showed insignificant differences, while age and education level affected trait leadership but teaching position was significant for both outcomes; teaching year was insignificant.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Volume 13 - Issue 2 - Full Length Research Paper - A Study of Trait Leaders and Leadership Effectiveness of FUDAOYUAN | PDF",1792071663]