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The study uses the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale developed by Yuker and Block (1986) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (2006). Reliability is reported as .67-.83 and test-retest .76. Data from 76 students are analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and independent t-tests.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-vol-94-comparison-of-physical-education-and-sports-course-for-the-handicapped/591097/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-vol-94-comparison-of-physical-education-and-sports-course-for-the-handicapped/591097.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s main objective?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the effect of a physical education and sports course for the handicapped on sports science students’ attitudes toward the handicapped.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which instrument measures attitudes in this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale, originally developed by Yuker and Block (1986) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (2006).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were the data analyzed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent samples t-test were used, along with descriptive analyses to determine participants’ attitude levels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591097,1792167840,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 9(4), pp. 877-883, November 2021  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.94.21.131 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nComparison of the effects of physical education and sports course for the handicapped on the attitudes of sports science students towards the handicapped  \nÖmer Sivrikaya* and Serpil Bülbül Kardaş  \nFaculty of Sports Science, Düzce University, Turkey.  \nAccepted 26 October, 2021  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>It is an important research topic to what extent the training received by the prospective teachers in order to have positive attitudes towards the handicapped is successful. This study aims to evaluate the effect of physical education and sports course for the handicapped on the attitudes of sports science students towards the handicapped. In the study, the \"Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale\", which was developed by Yuker and Block (1986) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (2006), was used as a data collection tool. The reliability coefficient of the scale was .67-.83, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was .76. A total of 76 students from Bülent Ecevit University School of Physical Education and Sports (n = 40) and Düzce University Faculty of Sport Sciences (n = 36) formed the study group who taking physical education and sports courses for the handicapped in the 2017-2018 academic year. The KolmogorovSmirnov test and independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data. Descriptive analyzes were conducted to determine the level of attitudes of the participants towards people who were handicapped. Asa result of the research, it was determined that the attitude scores of the study group towards the handicapped were higher for the participants whose school type is faculty than those of the college. A difference in other parameters could not be detected.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Handicapped, physical education and sports, attitude. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [omersivrikaya@duzce.edu.tr. Tel:](omersivrikaya@duzce.edu.tr. Tel:) +905057733555. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nThere are individual differences wherever man exists. Each individual's physical structure, strengths and weaknesses, limitations, competencies, interests and abilities, emotional characteristics, learning characteristics, and speed differ from each other. Contemporary education in the developing world is planned by considering individual differences to provide services in line with the needs of individuals. However, the general education system is designed to meet the needs of individuals with personal differences within certain limits, or individuals with average competence and capacity (Doğru, 2004) .  \nIn addition to healthy individuals with normal development, there are individuals in every society who differ significantly from the individual characteristics of their peers and need special education due to their  \nspecial needs. According to Kargın (2004), individuals with special needs are individuals with different needs than their peers in terms of their physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics.  \nIt is known that sports activities, which are regarded as one of the most important factors of a healthy life, contribute to a peaceful life for individuals with handicaps both themselves and their society.  \nPeople with handicaps need sports as much as ordinary people. In addition to bringing the handicapped person to society and production, sports will strengthen his strong body muscles and make his daily life easier (Kalyon, 1996) . Sport is used as a therapy tool in the education and rehabilitation of the handicapped in today's world. The positive effects of the sport of the handicapped individual are reflected directly on the handicapped  \nAfr Educ Res J 878  \nperson, his family, the business environment, and society. Increasing the communication between individuals and sports for the handicapped; means to develop initiative and integration (Gür, 2001) .  \nAs well as attitudes about i","cbCaiqWQQ5seRgCL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqWQQ5seRgCL","pdf",224144,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Individual differences and special education\n## Role of sport in rehabilitation and social integration\n## Attitudes, bias, and educational interventions","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main objective?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the effect of a physical education and sports course for the handicapped on sports science students’ attitudes toward the handicapped.\"},{\"question\":\"Which instrument measures attitudes in this research?\",\"answer\":\"The Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) Scale, originally developed by Yuker and Block (1986) and adapted to Turkish by Özyürek (2006).\"},{\"question\":\"How were the data analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent samples t-test were used, along with descriptive analyses to determine participants’ attitude levels.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Vol. 9(4) - Comparison of Physical Education and Sports Course for the Handicapped | PDF",1792071119,18]