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Using a descriptive design, a real dataset involving teachers’ emotional burnout by gender was analyzed, producing 72 meta-analyses via the R program. Results show REM is more advantageous with outliers, while estimates are generally similar without outliers. Increasing the number of studies reduces outlier impact on effect size and decreases heterogeneity; confidence intervals cover estimated effects across datasets and methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-vol-10-no-3-full-length-research-paper/591167/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-vol-10-no-3-full-length-research-paper/591167.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main comparison in this meta-analysis study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The research compares the performance of the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effects Model (REM) under meta-analyses with and without an outlier.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the presence of an outlier affect model performance?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"With an outlier, REM shows advantages over FEM for estimating the common effect size.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What happens when the number of included studies increases?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"As the number of studies increases, the outlier’s effect on effect size estimation decreases and heterogeneity is reduced.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591167,1792421180,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 10(3), pp. 277-290, August 2022  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.103.22.035 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nA comparison of fixed and random effect models by the number of research in the meta-analysis studies with and without an outlier  \nSeda Demir1* and Mehmet Fatih Doğuyurt2  \n1 Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey. 2Ministry of National Education, Ankara, Turkey.  \nAccepted 8 June, 2022  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The purpose of this research was to compare the performances of the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effects Model (REM) in the meta-analysis studies conducted through 5, 10, 20 and 40 studies with an outlier and 4, 9, 19 and 39 studies without an outlier in terms of estimated common effect size, confidence interval coverage rate and heterogeneity measures. In this descriptive study, real data set consisting of different studies examining teachers’ emotional burnout in terms of gender were used and a total of 72 meta-analyses were performed with R program . The results indicated that REM was more advantageous when compared to FEM for the meta-analysis of data sets with an outlier. On the other hand, without an outlier, it was determined that the common effect size was generally estimated to be similar for all methods. Moreover, the increase in the number of studies included in the meta-analysis reduced the effect of the outlier on the effect size estimation and decreased the heterogeneity. When the examination of the confidence interval coverage accuracy rates of the meta-analysis methods was examined, it was concluded that the confidence intervals included the estimated effect sizes in all data sets and all methods. The findings of the current study showed that the methods used in meta-analysis studies\u003Cbr>with 20 or more studies were less affected by the outlier runs in the estimated common effect size. Keywords: Meta-analysis, outlier, fixed effect model, random effects model, heterogeneity measures. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [seddadmr@gmail.com](seddadmr@gmail.com).\u003Cbr>\\#This study was presented as an oral presentation at the 7th International Congress on Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology (CMEEP), held on September 1-4, 2021. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nSince technology has been developing day to day, there occur differentiating and increasing needs, which leads to an increase in the number of scientific research. In this sense, it is likely to come across numerous studies on the same or similar research themes in the literature. Although the common research questions are included in these studies, it becomes very difficult to draw a general conclusion from all of these studies due to such factors as the change in the effect sizes of the studies in positive and negative intervals, the differentiation of research methodologies and designs, population and samples (Demir and Başol, 2014) . At this point, there needs a thorough review of studies, namely a meta-analysis of  \nstudies in which different studies on the same theme are brought together to combine their results so that a common conclusion can be drawn. Glass (1976), who first used the term meta-analysis, defines the statistical analyses towards data in research as the primary analysis, and those towards re-analysis of primary analysis results via more advanced statistical analyses as secondary analysis. Based on this, it can be noted that samples in a meta-analysis study consist of previous research, and data is drawn from the results of previous research. Meta-analysis is a statistical analysis technique that combines different research results on a subject through one or more statistical methods, standardizes  \nAfr Educ Res J 278  \nthem in a common metric, summarizes the calculated statistical results together with the research characteristics, and provides more information than the primary results of the previous resea","cbCaieHkmBWoYgMt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieHkmBWoYgMt","pdf",352924,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main comparison in this meta-analysis study?\",\"answer\":\"The research compares the performance of the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effects Model (REM) under meta-analyses with and without an outlier.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the presence of an outlier affect model performance?\",\"answer\":\"With an outlier, REM shows advantages over FEM for estimating the common effect size.\"},{\"question\":\"What happens when the number of included studies increases?\",\"answer\":\"As the number of studies increases, the outlier’s effect on effect size estimation decreases and heterogeneity is reduced.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Vol. 10 - No. 3 - Full Length Research Paper | PDF",1792071260,35]