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A seven-skill questionnaire with five options was administered to 27 left-handed and 75 right-handed EFL learners from grade 1 to 4. Fisher’s Exact Test assessed statistical relations between demographic variables and students’ preference levels. Findings suggest right-brain involvement in language learning.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-special-issue-83-full-length-research-paper/590986/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-special-issue-83-full-length-research-paper/590986.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What variables does the study use to analyze EFL learning skills?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines hand-usage (left or right), study style (individual or group), and gender (male or female).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many learners participated and how was data collected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The questionnaire covered seven skills with five options and was answered by 27 left-handed and 75 right-handed EFL learners across grades 1 to 4.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What statistical method is used in the study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Fisher’s Exact Test (FET) is used to detect statistical relations among demographic variables and each skill preference level.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590986,1792707541,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","African Educational Research Journal  \nSpecial Issue 8(3), pp. S109-S123, November 2020  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.8S3.20.078 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nAn analysis of EFL students’ learning main and subskills in terms of hand usage, study style and gender Ercan Tomakin  \nDepartment of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Letters and Science, Ordu University, Turkey.  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The brain asymmetry and contralateral control of the body by the left and right brain hemispheres is known (Crystal, 1997 ; Fromkin, 1998) . It is widely accepted that language lateralization, damage to the left brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and results show that the left brain is regarded as the language learning center. Yet it is difficult to explain counter evidences such as Phinea Gage, an abbot, and Genie’s cases. Besides, it is also important to consider the left handed people’s cases. It does not matter whether the learnt language is L1 or L2; supposing that the language learning center is strictly limited to (lateralized) only the left hemisphere, it was difficult to explain how the left handed people have learned their L1 or L2 . Hence this study investigated how undergraduate students learn the main and sub-skills of ELT according to hand-usage (left or right), study style (individual or group) and gender (male or female) variables. A questionnaire of seven skills including 5 options was applied to 27 left handed and 75 right handed EFL from grade 1 to 4. Fisher’s Exact Test (FET) was used to detect the statistical relations among each demographic variable and the students’ preference level for each different skill. Although the language learning is usually regarded as main function of the left brain, it was found that left handed students’ learning mother and English, visualizing the listened text by the left handed students, visualizing the grammar rules as figure, table and image by most right-handed males, the left handed females’ listening music while reading, visualizing the phonetic symbols by the left handed students tend to imply that the right brain has also relation with the language learning. Results were discussed with other findings and some suggestions were posed.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Brain lateralization, language learning, main and sub-skills, hand usage, study style, gender. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [etomakin@hotmail.com](etomakin@hotmail.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nFor Crystal (1997) , ‘the functional relationship between the two hemispheres of the brain has been a major focus for the neuropsychology and clinical neurology’ (p.260), yet this is not the concern of this article. Common knowledge is that ‘the brain is divided into two parts, called cerebral hemispheres; the one is on the right and the other the left. These hemispheres are connected like conjoined twins right down the middle, by the corpus callosum; the left hemisphere controls the movements of the right side of the body, and right hemisphere the movements of the left side. If you point with your right hand, it is the left hemisphere which has directed your action. This is referred to as contralateral brain function (Fromkin and Rodman, 1998, p.35) .  \nApart from the above stated two areas, Yule (1993, p. 126) states a third area called supplementary motor area, which is ‘involved in the actual physical articulation of speech’. Two neurosurgeons, Penfield and Roberts, applied minute amount of electrical current to specific areas of the brain, and they could identify those areas where the electrical stimulation would interfere with normal speech production…the motor movements involved in speech production would also be controlled in this general area’.  \nFor Crystal (1997) each hemisphere has its own role, being more involved in the others. A hemisphere is said to be the ‘dominant’ or ‘leading’ one for the mental functions. The development of these functions within one  \nor the other h","cbCaio3Ffe34EAnw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio3Ffe34EAnw","pdf",225500,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What variables does the study use to analyze EFL learning skills?\",\"answer\":\"It examines hand-usage (left or right), study style (individual or group), and gender (male or female).\"},{\"question\":\"How many learners participated and how was data collected?\",\"answer\":\"The questionnaire covered seven skills with five options and was answered by 27 left-handed and 75 right-handed EFL learners across grades 1 to 4.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical method is used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Fisher’s Exact Test (FET) is used to detect statistical relations among demographic variables and each skill preference level.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Special Issue 8(3) - Full Length Research Paper | PDF",1792070873,38]