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Regression analysis survey design collects elementary school teacher data using 771 Guangxi questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale. Results indicate significant gender- and age-based differences in transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and teaching effectiveness, direct leadership effects, partial mediation by organizational commitment, and male teachers showing greater moderation weight.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-full-length-research-paper/591222/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-full-length-research-paper/591222.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study in Guangxi’s ethnic autonomous region?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the impact and identify the path of principals’ transformational leadership on teachers’ teaching effectiveness.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the data for the study collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A regression analysis survey design collected data from elementary school teachers, using 771 questionnaires from Guangxi Province on a 5-point Likert scale.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does teachers’ organizational commitment play in the leadership–effectiveness relationship?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Teachers’ organizational commitment partially mediates the effects of principals’ transformational leadership on teaching effectiveness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591222,1792162261,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 11(1), pp. 129-138, March 2023  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.111.23.016 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nThe impact of principals’ transformational leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment on teachers’teaching effectiveness in ethnic areas of China: Taking gender as a moderator  \nHu Huang and Chun-Te Hsin*  \nKrirk University, Thailand.  \nAccepted 23 March, 2023  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>Guangxi is a border area where ethnic minorities are distributed, with poor economic development foundation, slow growth, relatively traditional, high turnover rate and outdated education. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact and to identify the path of principals’ transformational leadership on teachers’ teaching effectiveness in ethnic autonomous region of China. A regression analysis survey design was adopted to collect the data from the teachers of elementary schools. Based on 5-point Likert Scale of 771 questionnaires from Guangxi Province of China, the survey concluded: (1) principals’transformational leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and teachers’ teaching effectiveness differed significantly by gender and age, (2) principals’ transformational leadership significantly influenced teachers’ teaching effectiveness, in addition, teachers’ organization commitment can partially mediate the effects, (3) gender can moderate the path of principals’ transformational leadership to teachers’organization commitment, specifically, male teachers carry more weight. The study findings may serve as a guide for further research on management and leadership of leaders and members in educational organizations.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Transformational leadership, organizational commitment, teaching effectiveness, minority, online education. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [2317274268@qq.com](2317274268@qq.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE  \nPrincipals played an absolutely key role in education reform. As a matter of fact, principals’ fail to effectively lead the school to develop will inevitably exert negative impacts on their careers.  \nTransformational leadership has been proven to influence employees’ work effectiveness (Koh et al. , 2019) and has been deemed the most popular leadership style among principals leadership styles since it was more productive than expected (Burns, 1978; Bass, 1985) . In terms of education, it can influence teachers’teaching effectiveness, which is endowed with different meanings and values as it develops in stages. The main purpose of exploring teaching effectiveness is to keep abreast with changes and demands of the times, laying a  \nmore solid foundation for school operation. Accordingly, Wu (2005) pointed out that the ultimate purpose of scholars’ dedication to the research on teaching effectiveness was to transform effective schools into excellent ones, with the latter required to be based on effective teaching. However, in today’s school context, teachers are not only under the pressure from in-class teaching tasks but also the provision of psychological counselling for students, reassuring the parents when necessary as well as performing any work assigned by the superiors. Additionally, teachers have to make career adjustments for themselves and their families in response to the changes in the economic environment, leading to direct or indirect impacts on teachers’ teaching  \nAfr Educ Res J 130  \neffectiveness.  \nIn this process, the principals’ transformational leadership plays a key guiding role. Leithwood et al.(2020) pointed out that the effects of the school’s leaderson students’ school performance were only second to the in-class teaching, and students’ school performance could be improved by the school leader’s influence on the members’ motivation, commitment and work environment. Past studies found that the way to motivate teachers to improve teaching effectiveness was to inspire them to formulate teaching strategi","cbCaijFSqtUgEM0I","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijFSqtUgEM0I","pdf",213458,"English","# Introduction and Review of Related Literature\n## Research purpose and leadership role\n## Transformational leadership and teaching effectiveness\n## Context of Guangxi and teacher turnover\n## Hypotheses 1 and 2","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study in Guangxi’s ethnic autonomous region?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the impact and identify the path of principals’ transformational leadership on teachers’ teaching effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the data for the study collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"A regression analysis survey design collected data from elementary school teachers, using 771 questionnaires from Guangxi Province on a 5-point Likert scale.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does teachers’ organizational commitment play in the leadership–effectiveness relationship?\",\"answer\":\"Teachers’ organizational commitment partially mediates the effects of principals’ transformational leadership on teaching effectiveness.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Full Length Research Paper | PDF",1792071368,25]