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Research applies document analysis, interviews, and focus group discussions across four Ugandan regions, with purposive selection of multiple healer categories and elders. Findings show most practitioners validate knowledge through coherence theory, while a smaller portion uses Piercian principles, and recommends introducing Bayesian theorem for international acceptance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-epistemological-validation-methods-in-african-philosophy-a-case-study-of-herbalism-in-uganda/590705/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-epistemological-validation-methods-in-african-philosophy-a-case-study-of-herbalism-in-uganda/590705.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s main focus?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates epistemological validation methods of traditional herbal medicine among traditional healers in Uganda.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It used document analysis, interviews, and focus group discussions across Central, Western, Northern, and Eastern regions of Uganda.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What validation methods did practitioners use?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Results indicate 98% of practitioner categories validate knowledge using coherence theory, while 2% employ Piercian principle at an elementary level.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590705,1792696690,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 6(4), pp. 269-272, November 2018  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.64.14.032 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nReview  \nEpistemological validation methods in African philosophy: A case study of herbalism in Uganda  \nDisan Kutesa  \nMakerere University, Uganda.  \nAccepted 14 April, 2014  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>There is noticeable reversion to traditional approaches in the treatment of physical and psychosocial ailments. In part, this comes because conventional medicines are becoming ineffective and expensive and there is a feeling that traditional approaches are more dependable. Hence this study tried to find out exactly the epistemological validation methods of traditional herbals among traditional healers. The rationale for this research was that traditional approaches are not exactly the same as western approaches. In many instances, the practitioners are not aware of their methodologies, yet there is no way in modern times where people can sustain a practice without a clear understanding of its verisimilitude, hence this study was an investigation of the epistemological foundation of traditional herbal medicine. The research was conducted in Central, Western, Northern and Eastern regions of Uganda and principally used document analysis, interviews and focus group discussions. In each of the four regions, four (4) traditional birth attendants, four (4) traditional bone setters, four (4) traditional herbalists, 4 village elders, and two (2) NACOTHA officials were purposely selected. The results indicated that 98% of all the categories of traditional medical practitioners validate their knowledge using coherence theory while 2% employ Piercian principle at elementally level. The study recommended that Bayesian theorem be introduced in traditional herbalogy, putting herbals at a level which can be internationally accepted.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Epistemology, philosophy, validation methods, justifications, herbalism . |\n| --- |\n| E-mail: [disankutesa@yahoo.com](disankutesa@yahoo.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nAmong the major philosophical problems that are of supreme importance is epistemology ([http://www.slideshare.net/ncjopson/epistemology](http://www.slideshare.net/ncjopson/epistemology)) . Generally the main concern of philosophy is the search for the truth ( Koestler, 1956), implying that it is not modern philosophy to speak of knowledge in absolute terms. Man’s search for knowledge is a perennial task because everything people philosophize depends on knowledge.  \nWhen a speculative philosophical mode is employed, a conclusion can be made that people in all continents have used indigenous plants for treatment of diseases since pre-historic times; a case in point is Socrates, he was sentenced to death and was obliged to drink poison extracted from hemlock to which he did not resist who is believed to have used herbs to kill himself ([http://nd/-](http://nd/-)[Plato/bloch.htm](Plato/bloch.htm) ) . In addition, medicinal herbs were found  \nin the personal effect of an Iceman whose body was frozen in the Swiss Alps for more than 5300 years ago (Castleman, 2001) , therefore the utilization of plants as therapeutic medicine is an ancient tradition far older than the contemporary science of medicine ( Mbewo, 2008) .  \nIn Africa, the advert of European doctors tampered seriously with traditional epistemology and consequently the laws enacted by the imperialists led to the eclipsing of African medicine (Odera and Masolo, 1981) . However, today the trend is going backward to indigenous medicine. Many traditional medical practitioners are becoming famous out of their own written herbal epistemic foundation.  \nDocumentary evidence indicates that 80% of African populations today use herbals ([http://curiosity.discovery](http://curiosity.discovery)[.corn/questiona/herbal-remedy-usage](.corn/questiona/herbal-remedy-usage)) . However if critical analysis is carried out there is no relative documentation  \nestablished regarding epistemic validation ","cbCaivbL5xreSRsQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivbL5xreSRsQ","pdf",62369,"English","# Introduction\n## Statement of problem\n# Discussion","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main focus?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates epistemological validation methods of traditional herbal medicine among traditional healers in Uganda.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted?\",\"answer\":\"It used document analysis, interviews, and focus group discussions across Central, Western, Northern, and Eastern regions of Uganda.\"},{\"question\":\"What validation methods did practitioners use?\",\"answer\":\"Results indicate 98% of practitioner categories validate knowledge using coherence theory, while 2% employ Piercian principle at an elementary level.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Epistemological validation methods in African philosophy: A case study of herbalism in Uganda | PDF",1792070244]