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The study examines the epistemological foundations of traditional herbal knowledge among experts in Uganda. Using document analysis, elite interviews, and focus group discussions across four regions, it analyzes emerging, within-case, and cross-case themes. Findings identify intuition, conjectures, and plant-mediated communication as primary epistemic sources.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-educational-research-journal-epistemological-base-of-traditional-herbal-medicine-a-case-of-uganda/590719/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-educational-research-journal-epistemological-base-of-traditional-herbal-medicine-a-case-of-uganda/590719.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What issue motivates the study of traditional herbal medicine’s epistemological foundation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study is motivated by the noticeable shift back to indigenous medicine and the lack of clear documentation about epistemic theories and sources of herbal medicine.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted and in which regions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Research was conducted in Central, Western, Northern, and Eastern regions of Uganda using document analysis, elite interviews, and focus group discussions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study conclude about the main epistemic sources of African traditional herbals?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It concluded that the primary epistemic medium involves non-conventional processes such as intuition and conjectures, facilitated by plant communication, while testimonial, perceptual, and memorial sources are secondary.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590719,1792696157,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 6(3), pp. 197-202, September 2018  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.63.14.031 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nReview  \nEpistemological base of traditional herbal medicine: A case of Uganda  \nDisan Kutesa  \nMakerere University, Uganda.  \nAccepted 11 April, 2014  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>There is noticeable reversion of traditional approaches in the treatment of physical and psychosocial ailments. In part this comes because conventional medicines are becoming ineffective and expensive and there is a feeling that traditional medical approaches are more, this is coupled by the fact that western medicines are extracted from traditional approaches. The study tried to find out exactly the epistemological foundation of traditional herbals among traditional experts. The rational under guarding this research was that traditional approaches are not exactly the same as western approaches and in many instances, the practitioners are not aware of their methodologies, yet there is no way in post modernism where people can sustain a practice without a clear understanding of its verisimilitude, hence this study was an investigation of the epistemological foundation of traditional herbal medicine. The research was conducted in Central, Western, Northern and Eastern regions of Uganda and principally used document analysis, elite interviewsand focus group discussions. In each of the four regions, five traditional birth attendant, five traditional bone setters, five traditional herbalists, five Village elders, and two NACOTHA (National council of traditional healers’ association) officials were purposely selected giving a total of eighty eight participants. Data was analyzed using emerging themes, cross case analysis and within case analysis were done in order to obtain the epistemological base of traditional herbal medicine in Uganda. The study concluded that the originative epistemic medium for African traditional herbals are non-conventional, involving Intuition and Conjecturesand refutations always facilitated by plant communication, however, testimonial, perceptual and memorial seemings are secondary sources. In addition, their epistemological theory is twofold that is, Malebranche’s theory and bucket theory of mind. The study recommended that Bayesian epistemology (experimentation\u003Cbr>and verification) and Popperian world three of knowledge be introduced in traditional herbal practice. Keywords: Epistemology, foundation, traditional, medicine, herbalism . |\n| --- |\n| E-mail: [disankutesa@yahoo.com](disankutesa@yahoo.com). |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nAmong the major philosophical problems that are of supreme importance is Epistemology, the theory of knowledge ([http://www.slideshare.net/ncjopson/epistemo](http://www.slideshare.net/ncjopson/epistemo)logy) . The search for knowledge is inherent in man, what separates man from other animals who are also believed to have intelligence is self-reflection which includes curiosity to discover both the self and that beyond the self, this occurs in epistemological paradigm. Generally, the main concern of Philosophy is the search for the truth (Koestler, 1956), implying that it is not modern Philosophy to speak of knowledge in absolute terms,  \nman’s search for knowledge is a perennial task because everything people philosophize; depends on knowledge. When a speculative philosophical mode is employed, a conclusion can be made that people in all continents have used indigenous plants for treatment of diseases since pre-historic times; a case in point is Socrates whois believed to have taken herbs and died ([http://nd/-](http://nd/-)[Plato/bloch.htm](Plato/bloch.htm) ) . In addition, medicinal herbs were found in the personal effect of an Iceman whose body was frozen in the Swiss Alps for more than 5300 years (Castteman, 2001) , therefore the utilization of plants as  \ntherapeutic medicine is an ancient tradition far older than the contemporary science of medicine (Mbewo, 2008) .  \nGenerally, the introduction","cbCaiaN2hJ1YcpEu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaN2hJ1YcpEu","pdf",70513,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Statement of the problem","[{\"question\":\"What issue motivates the study of traditional herbal medicine’s epistemological foundation?\",\"answer\":\"The study is motivated by the noticeable shift back to indigenous medicine and the lack of clear documentation about epistemic theories and sources of herbal medicine.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted and in which regions?\",\"answer\":\"Research was conducted in Central, Western, Northern, and Eastern regions of Uganda using document analysis, elite interviews, and focus group discussions.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study conclude about the main epistemic sources of African traditional herbals?\",\"answer\":\"It concluded that the primary epistemic medium involves non-conventional processes such as intuition and conjectures, facilitated by plant communication, while testimonial, perceptual, and memorial sources are secondary.\"}]","African Educational Research Journal - Epistemological base of traditional herbal medicine: A case of Uganda | PDF",1792070274,15]