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A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews examined facilitating and impeding factors for early diagnoses and service access. Fifteen themes emerged across diagnoses, services, and recommendations, including parent knowledge as a facilitator, “aggressive advocacy” as a barrier, and parent education as an actionable recommendation. Overall themes emphasized parent advocacy and professional partnerships.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/african-american-parents-perceptions-of-diagnosis-and-services-for-children-with-autism/600846/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/african-american-parents-perceptions-of-diagnosis-and-services-for-children-with-autism/600846.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"为什么非裔美国儿童的ASD早期诊断与服务可及性存在差异？","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"文中指出，早期ASD诊断的概率并不在非裔美国儿童中一致，进而降低了他们获得早期干预服务的可能性。差异与诊断类别、社会经济地位以及文化差异等因素相关。","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"研究采用了什么方法来探索家长对诊断与服务的看法？",{"text":117,"@type":113},"研究通过半结构化访谈开展定性探究，采用持续比较法归纳主题。最终提炼出15个与诊断、服务及建议相关的主题。",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"家长在获取服务过程中有哪些促进或阻碍因素？",{"text":121,"@type":113},"文中提到，父母对ASD的知识可促进诊断；而“激进式倡导（aggressive advocacy）”会成为获取服务的障碍。相关建议包括对已识别障碍进行针对性的父母教育，并强调家长倡导与与专业人员的合作。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600846,1792193007,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2018, 53(1), 17 –32  \n© Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities  \nAfrican American Parents’ Perceptions of Diagnosis and Services for Children with Autism  \nJamie N. Pearson North Carolina State University  \nHedda Meadan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign  \nAbstract: The identification of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the first two years of life has become more promising; however, the probability of early ASD diagnoses does not always extend to African American children. This disparity has decreased the likelihood that African American children will benefit from early intervention services. This qualitative inquiry explored, via semi-structured interviews, the perceived factors that facilitate and impede early diagnoses and access to services among African American parents of young children with ASD. A constant comparative approach was employed and 15 themes related to diagnoses, services, and recommendations emerged (e.g., parent knowledge of ASD as afacilitator to diagnosis, “aggressive advocacy” as a barrier to accessing services, and parent education as a recommendation for addressing identified barriers) . Parent advocacy and partnerships with professionals were overarching themes in this study.  \nImplications for parent training related to knowledge of ASD, parent advocacy, and partnerships with professionals are discussed.  \nRecent findings have indicated that the prevalence ofASD is 1 in 68 children (CDC, 2016) . Over the past several years, the increased prevalence of ASD has heightened the need for more educational and therapeutic services and interventions for individuals with ASD (Wong et al., 2014) . The early childhood years are critical for children with ASD because early identification is associated with increased benefits from interventions and services (Bruder, 2010; Irvin, McBee, Boyd, Hume, & Odom, 2012) . Although the identification of ASD in children younger than two years has become more promising in recent years (Boyd, Odom, Humphreys, & Sam, 2010), this likelihood of early ASD diagnoses is not consistent among African American children. African American children are often diagnosed months or even years after the on  \nThis research was supported in part by funding from the Office of Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education: Project LEAD (H325D100062) . The views or opinions presented in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the funding agency. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jamie Pearson, 2310 Stinson Drive, Campus Box 7801, Raleigh, NC 27695 . [E-mail: jnpearso@ncsu.edu](E-mail: jnpearso@ncsu.edu)  \nset of symptoms and can go undiagnosed until school age or later (Hilton et al., 2010; Mandell et al., 2009) .  \nAccess to Services  \nAcross racial and ethnic backgrounds, services for individuals with ASD have been described as limited, inaccessible, and costly (Dymond, Gilson, & Myran, 2007; Irvin et al., 2012) .  \nAmong families of color however, access to appropriate services is further compounded by factors such as socioeconomic status and living environment (Reichard, Sacco, & Turnbull, 2004) . Some of the work around the intersection of culture, race and disability has highlighted the challenges that families of color face when seeking access to services. For example, Blanchett, Klinger, and Harry (2009) argue that minority families of children with disabilities face barriers to accessing services such as: (a) differing cultural perspectives of disability, (b) limited access and unfamiliarity with available service delivery options, and (c) service providers’ lack of understanding of factors such as race, social class, cultural values, and experiences. Blanchett et al. (2009) suggest that when families of color seek services for children with developmental disabilities, they are likely to face systems and str","cbCaid6rfpZJN3t1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid6rfpZJN3t1","pdf",1075934,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Access to Services\n## Barriers described across racial and ethnic backgrounds\n## Compounding factors for families of color\n# Barriers to Diagnoses for African American Children\n## Differential diagnoses\n## Socioeconomic status and cultural divergence","[{\"question\":\"为什么非裔美国儿童的ASD早期诊断与服务可及性存在差异？\",\"answer\":\"文中指出，早期ASD诊断的概率并不在非裔美国儿童中一致，进而降低了他们获得早期干预服务的可能性。差异与诊断类别、社会经济地位以及文化差异等因素相关。\"},{\"question\":\"研究采用了什么方法来探索家长对诊断与服务的看法？\",\"answer\":\"研究通过半结构化访谈开展定性探究，采用持续比较法归纳主题。最终提炼出15个与诊断、服务及建议相关的主题。\"},{\"question\":\"家长在获取服务过程中有哪些促进或阻碍因素？\",\"answer\":\"文中提到，父母对ASD的知识可促进诊断；而“激进式倡导（aggressive advocacy）”会成为获取服务的障碍。相关建议包括对已识别障碍进行针对性的父母教育，并强调家长倡导与与专业人员的合作。\"}]","African American Parents’ Perceptions of Diagnosis and Services for Children with Autism | PDF",1792091494]