[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-588209-105":59,"doc-detail-588209-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","affirmative-action-rip-or-release-30","Affirmative Action: R.I.P. or Release 3.0?","","Explores the shifting legal and ideological future of affirmative action in the United States, arguing that its substance is changing regardless of Supreme Court outcomes. Discusses post-George Floyd political pressure from progressives to expand remedies for “systemic racism,” contrasted with conservative resistance and electoral developments. Traces historical intent of early executive orders and presidential speeches, then analyzes how “without regard” equality gave way to race-conscious preferential treatment, concluding that the next phase is effectively “Release 3.0.”",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/affirmative-action-rip-or-release-30/588209/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/affirmative-action-rip-or-release-30/588209.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the article argue about affirmative action’s fate?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues affirmative action as it has been known is effectively dying and its substance will change no matter what the Supreme Court decides.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article describe the political shift after George Floyd?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It states that progressives became more insistent on doing more to eliminate what they label “systemic racism,” while conservatives renewed resistance to racial preference policies.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What historical change does the article focus on?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It contrasts the early “without regard” colorblind equal opportunity language in foundational executive documents with the later abandonment of that principle in favor of race-conscious preferential treatment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588209,1792858828,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Acad. Quest . (2021) 34.2 DOI 10. 51845/34su .2.7  \nAffirmative Action: R.I.P. or Release 3.0?  \nJohn S. Rosenberg  \nProgressives fear, and conservatives eagerly anticipate, learning the fate of affirmative action when Students For Fair Admissions v. Harvard College reaches the Supreme Court. Both this pessimism and optimism are misguided, however, since affirmative action as we have known it is dying no matter what the Supremes decide. Some dark hints of what the future holds are provided by an executive order on racial “equity,” signed by President Biden on his first day in office, that reads as though it was written by the central committee of Black Lives Matter.  \nSince the post-George Floyd protests and Black Lives Matter/Antifa riots of last summer, the left has become increasingly insistent about the need to “do more” to eliminate what it sees as “systemic racism”—a demand that implicitly, and often explicitly, rejects as woefully inadequate the results of what is by now almost fifty years of affirmative action. And the often-dormant resolve of conservatives and others to resist racial preference policies has been aroused by the decisive rejection of Proposition 16 by California voters, the attempt of Democrats to repeal Proposition 209 and revive affirmative action in that state. The gap between elites and popular opinion, between left and right, between Democrats and Republicans, is perhaps wider on this issue than any other. There are virtually (maybe actually) no elected or appointed Democrats in federal or state government remaining who believe it is necessary for the state to treat citizens “without regard” to race or ethnicity.  \nThus even if affirmative action remains as a label, its substance is sure to change. This change will not be the first it has undergone. In fact, perhaps we should start to think of its next phase as Affirmative Action: Release 3.0.  \nAs specified in both of its foundational documents—President Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925 (1961) and President Johnson’s Executive Order 11246  \nJohn S. Rosenberg blogs [at www. Discriminations.us. He](at www. Discriminations.us. He) last appeared in AQ in summer 2019 with “Harvard Hoist On Its Own Petard?”  \n(1965)—“affirmative action” originally meant taking steps to ensure colorblind equal opportunity “without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin.”  \nThe early transition from “without regard” colorblindness to “race conscious” preferential treatment is widely believed to have been heralded by President Lyndon Johnson’s Commencement Address at Howard University, June 4, 1965.“Freedom is not enough,” he proclaimed.  \nYou do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say,“you are free to compete with all the others,” and still justly believe that you have been completely fair. ... We seek not just legal equity but human ability, not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and equality as a result.  \nI believe the conventional wisdom that at Howard President Johnson called for abandoning “without regard” colorblindness in favor of race-based preferential treatment is mistaken. What he meant by “equality” continued to be non-discriminatory equality of opportunity. The very next sentence in Johnson’s speech, for example, states: “For the task is to give twenty million Negroes the same chance as every other American.”  \nBut whatever Johnson himself meant or intended, the “without regard”principle was in fact soon abandoned in favor of race-conscious preferential treatment. Now there is increasing evidence that given the rapid spread of“cancel culture” and newly “woke” attitudes on race throughout academia and beyond, our current version of affirmative action is already seen, to use President Johnson’s words, as “not enough, not enough.” If, as the woke insist, our society is poisoned by a pandemic of endemic, systemic, structural racism, ","cbCaicRqcCh1Jwg1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicRqcCh1Jwg1","pdf",264773,11,"English","# Affirmative Action’s Future\n## From “Without Regard” to Race-Conscious Policies\n## Political Pressure After George Floyd\n## “Doing Better” and Campus Statements","[{\"question\":\"What does the article argue about affirmative action’s fate?\",\"answer\":\"It argues affirmative action as it has been known is effectively dying and its substance will change no matter what the Supreme Court decides.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the political shift after George Floyd?\",\"answer\":\"It states that progressives became more insistent on doing more to eliminate what they label “systemic racism,” while conservatives renewed resistance to racial preference policies.\"},{\"question\":\"What historical change does the article focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It contrasts the early “without regard” colorblind equal opportunity language in foundational executive documents with the later abandonment of that principle in favor of race-conscious preferential treatment.\"}]","Affirmative Action: R.I.P. or Release 3.0? | PDF",1792064754,28]