[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-590283-105":3,"doc-detail-590283-en":85,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":103},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","aera-open-no-1-article","AERA Open - No. 1 - Article","","A study examines whether a restorative practice initiative improves school climate in a cluster randomized, controlled trial with 2,248 students in grades 5–12 across 18 U.S. Northeast schools. After one year, whole-school analyses found no added positive perceptions of school climate in intervention schools versus control schools. Correlational analyses showed restorative practice exposure was linked to more positive climate perceptions in student reports, suggesting benefits may depend on implementation fidelity and consistency over additional years.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aera-open-no-1-article/590283/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/aera-open-no-1-article/590283.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Pentious","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the goal of the restorative practice initiative in this study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study investigated whether implementing restorative practices could improve school climate and students’ perceptions related to support, structure, and bullying.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the researchers test the initiative’s impact?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They used a cluster randomized, controlled trial with 2,248 students from grades 5 to 12 across 18 U.S. Northeast schools.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Did the initiative improve school climate after one year?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Whole-school experimental analyses did not show more positive perceptions of school climate in intervention schools compared with control schools.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why might restorative practices still show positive associations?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Student-reported correlational results linked restorative practice exposure across all schools with more positive climate perceptions, indicating that fidelity and consistent implementation over more years may matter.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},590283,1792145016,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",{"doc_id":83,"user_id":88,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":89,"doc_module":4,"category_id":90,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":91,"file_id":92,"file_url":93,"file_type":94,"file_size":95,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":96,"language":97,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":98,"faqs":99,"seo_title":100,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":101,"read_time":102,"preview_page_count":4},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",8,"AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2024, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1–12 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584241288525  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2024. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nAdolescent Exposure to Restorative Practices and Their Perceptions of Support, Structure, and Bullying in the School Climate  \nAnne Gregory  \nRutgers University  \nFrancis L. Huang  \nUniversity of Missouri  \nAllison Rae Ward-Seidel  \nUniversity of Virginia  \nThis study investigated whether a restorative practice initiative improved school climate. The study presents findings from a cluster randomized, controlled trial conducted with 2,248 students from grades 5 to 12 (38% Black, 32% Hispanic) attending  \n18 schools in the U.S. Northeast. After 1 year of implementation, the experimental analyses of the whole-school initiative did not result in more positive perceptions of school climate for students in the intervention schools compared with students in the control schools. Correlational analyses were also conducted with student surveys in both intervention and control schools.  \nBased on student report, restorative practice exposure in all 18 schools was associated with positive perceptions of the school climate. This suggests that initiatives may need to focus on fidelity of implementation and consistent implementation across more years for substantive school climate gains.  \nKeywords: classroom management, conflict resolution, disparities, equity, professional development, educational reform, hierarchical linear modeling, experimental design, survey research, restorative practices, social emotional learning, school climate, restorative justice, authoritative discipline, student surveys  \nMomentum for comprehensive school discipline reform has grown with the increasing recognition of the long-term negative effects of school suspension (e.g., Bacher-Hicks et al., 2019) and the persistent racial disparities in exclusionary discipline (Gage et al., 2021). Both internationally and in the United States, schools have turned to restorative practices to reduce the use of exclusionary discipline (e.g., González, 2016) . In fact, there is an emerging body of evidence from experimental trials that suggests that restorative practice initiatives can reduce exclusionary discipline (Augustine et al., 2018) . Theories of action would indicate that preventionand intervention-oriented restorative practice activities also could improve school climate given that these practices aim to strengthen relationships, repair harm, and increase equity (Evans & Vaandering, 2022) . Yet, the few experimental studies addressing the multifaceted theorized outcomes of restorative practices that go beyond school discipline records have provided mixed results (e.g., Acosta et al., 2019; Bonellet al., 2018; Grant et al., 2022; for a review, see Zakszeski & Rutherford, 2021) . This study addresses the need for more  \nresearch by investigating a restorative practice initiative’s impact on school climate and the climate of bullying and teasing based on a cluster randomized, controlled trial using student-reported measures after 1 year of implementation. It also examines the degree to which student-reported exposure to restorative practices was associated with positive  \noutcomes across both intervention and control schools.  \nThis study builds directly on prior findings using data from the same experimental trial of the restorative practice project (Gregory et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2023) . In the first study, we showed that students were less likely to be in a discipline incident in the intervention schools than the control schools. The impacts held when accounting for school and student characteristics (students’ prior discipline incidents, sex, race, disability status, and income status; Gregory et al., 2022) . In the second study, we found ","cbCaibeFdEQwYEYC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibeFdEQwYEYC","pdf",510329,12,"English","# Overview\n## Restorative practices initiative and study design\n## School climate framework\n## Racial disparities and discipline reform context\n## Prior trial findings and study rationale","[{\"question\":\"What was the goal of the restorative practice initiative in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigated whether implementing restorative practices could improve school climate and students’ perceptions related to support, structure, and bullying.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers test the initiative’s impact?\",\"answer\":\"They used a cluster randomized, controlled trial with 2,248 students from grades 5 to 12 across 18 U.S. Northeast schools.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the initiative improve school climate after one year?\",\"answer\":\"Whole-school experimental analyses did not show more positive perceptions of school climate in intervention schools compared with control schools.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might restorative practices still show positive associations?\",\"answer\":\"Student-reported correlational results linked restorative practice exposure across all schools with more positive climate perceptions, indicating that fidelity and consistent implementation over more years may matter.\"}]","AERA Open - No. 1 - Article | PDF",1792069245,30,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":104},[105,109,113,117,121,126,131,133,138,141,145],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":129,"slug":130},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":90,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":132},"research-report",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":137},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":140},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":142,"slug":144},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":146,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":147,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":148},19,"General","general"]