[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-590156-105":59,"doc-detail-590156-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","aera-open-january-december-2022-vol-8-no-1","AERA Open - January-December 2022, Vol. 8, No. 1","","A qualitative case study examines how two Southeast Asian American students experienced exclusion and erasure in a K–12 public elementary school before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on Asian critical race theory, the study analyzes how a Southeast Asian American teacher advocated for the students amid rising anti-Asian hate crimes. The article also discusses implications for research on Asian American students’ holistic development and for in-service and pre-service teacher responses to anti-Asian xenophobia.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aera-open-january-december-2022-vol-8-no-1/590156/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/aera-open-january-december-2022-vol-8-no-1/590156.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study investigate about K–12 schools during COVID-19?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It examines how shifting perceptions of Asian Americans manifested as exclusion and erasure for two Southeast Asian American students in a public elementary school, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the article describe the “yellow peril” ideology?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It presents “yellow peril” as a derogative ideology created by European imperialists that portrays Asian people as an existential threat, then traces how it justified discrimination and exclusion in the United States.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the connection between “yellow peril” and “model minority” in the article?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article argues they are two sides of the same racist ideology, noting that institutional power allows dominant groups to flip the narratives as needed, intensifying anti-Asian xenophobia during COVID-19.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590156,1792193018,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2022, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1–10 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584211067796  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2022. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nFrom Yellow Peril to Model Minority and Back to Yellow Peril  \nLin Wu  \nWestern Oregon University  \nNhu Nguyen  \nWashington State Public Schools  \nDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, some perceptions of Asian Americans in the United States shifted as anti-Asian hate crimes escalated. However, little is known about how these shifting views manifest in K–12 schools. This qualitative case study uses Asian critical race theory to examine how two Southeast Asian American students faced exclusion and erasure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and how their Southeast Asian American teacher advocated for them at a public elementary school in the Pacific Northwest. Implications include how researchers can pursue inquiries about Asian American students’holistic development and how in-service and pre-service teachers can address anti-Asian xenophobia.  \nKeywords: Asian American students, COVID-19, model minority, yellow peril, imperialism  \n“Yellow peril,” a derogative ideology invented by European imperialists during the 19th century, pathologizes Asian people as an existential threat to Western civilization and justifies the colonization of Asian nations (Tchen & Yeats, 2014) . This idea became popular in the United States as many Chinese male laborers arrived on the West Coast in the mid- 19th century. Their lifestyles and work ethics challenged working-class Whites’ financial security and the idea of“White purity”(Takaki, 1998) . When the smallpox epidemic broke out in San Francisco in 1876, local health officials depicted Chinese immigrants as contagious diseases and Chinatown as the main site of urban decay (Shah, 2001) . The fear-mongering led to the lynching of Chinese immigrants during the 1870s and the passing of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, restricting the number of Chinese immigrants and denying them U.S. citizenship. When Japan’s Imperial Army bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 that authorized the incarceration of Japanese Americans and cast them as perilous to national loyalty. In the next three decades, the U.S. military bombarded Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. These imperial wars resulted in the massive death of Asian people and racialized them as “yellow perils” who needed tobe contained and annihilated (Hamamoto, 1994) .  \n“Model minority,” another prejudicial term coined by a White male American sociologist during the 1960s, exoticizes Asian Americans’ ability to transcend historical racial antagonism, overcome systemic barriers, and achieve mainstream success (Wu, 2013) . During the Cold  \nWar (1945–1991), this ideology targeted Asian Americans for civil inclusion on the premise of pledging allegiance to U.S. imperialist aggressions in Asia (E. Lee, 2015) . In so doing, this insidious belief covers the yellow peril trope, essentializes Asian Americans as achievers ofthe American dream, renders Asian Americans politically passive, pits Asian Americans against other people of Color, and upholds White supremacy in the United States (Hartlep, 2021; Wu, 2002) . However,“yellow peril” and “model minority” are two sides of the same racist coin, and Whites possess the institutional power to flip it as needed. This is evident as the Trump administration reignited the “yellow peril” pathology during the COVID-19 pandemic to diverge U.S. anxiety on the trade war and competition for technology supremacy by demonizing China as a threat to humanity and posing the U.S. empire as a savior to the world (Siu & Chun, 2020) . Consequently, this rhetoric intensified anti-Asian xenophobia in the United States. Yet little is known about how this shifting socia","cbCaierROziqRlkB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaierROziqRlkB","pdf",497117,"English","# From Yellow Peril to Model Minority and Back to Yellow Peril\n## Yellow peril ideology in U.S. history\n## Model minority ideology during the Cold War\n## Implications for K–12 schooling\n## Critical Race Theory in Education","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about K–12 schools during COVID-19?\",\"answer\":\"It examines how shifting perceptions of Asian Americans manifested as exclusion and erasure for two Southeast Asian American students in a public elementary school, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the “yellow peril” ideology?\",\"answer\":\"It presents “yellow peril” as a derogative ideology created by European imperialists that portrays Asian people as an existential threat, then traces how it justified discrimination and exclusion in the United States.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the connection between “yellow peril” and “model minority” in the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article argues they are two sides of the same racist ideology, noting that institutional power allows dominant groups to flip the narratives as needed, intensifying anti-Asian xenophobia during COVID-19.\"}]","AERA Open - January-December 2022, Vol. 8, No. 1 | PDF",1792068938,25]