[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-326768-105":59,"doc-detail-326768-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","advances-of-radiolabeled-grpr-ligands-for-petct-imaging-of-cancers","Advances of radiolabeled GRPR ligands for PET/CT imaging of cancers","","GRPR is a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor of the bombesin receptor family and is highly expressed in multiple cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and gastrointestinal malignancies. Radiolabeled GRPR ligands have therefore been explored for molecular imaging to support tumor diagnosis and to track recurrence and metastasis. This review compiles a comprehensive overview of literature from the past two decades, emphasizing progress in imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer with radiolabeled GRPR-targeted agents.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advances-of-radiolabeled-grpr-ligands-for-petct-imaging-of-cancers/326768/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/advances-of-radiolabeled-grpr-ligands-for-petct-imaging-of-cancers/326768.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is GRPR and why is it important for cancer imaging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"GRPR is a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor highly expressed across several cancers. Its high expression enables targeted molecular imaging using radiolabeled GRPR ligands for diagnosis and monitoring.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which signaling pathways are activated when GRPR is engaged by its ligands?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Ligand binding triggers downstream cascades, primarily involving phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium changes, diacylglycerol formation, and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Additional mediators include MAP kinases, adhesion kinases, and PI3-kinases, among others.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What scope does the review focus on regarding radiolabeled GRPR ligands?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review provides an overview of advances from the past two decades, with particular emphasis on radiolabeled GRPR ligands for imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},326768,1791105555,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","Ma and Gao Cancer Imaging (2024) 24:19 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00658-y](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-024-00658-y)  \nCancer Imaging  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nAdvances of radiolabeled GRPR ligands for PET/CT imaging of cancers  \nYuze Ma1 and Feng Gao1*  \nAbstract  \nGRPR is a type of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that belongs to the bombesin protein receptor family. It is highly expressed in various cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and so on. As a result, molecular imaging studies have been conducted using radiolabeled GRPR ligands for tumor diagnosis, as well as monitoring of recurrence and metastasis. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive overview of relevant literature from the past two decades, with a specific focus on the advancements made in radiolabeled GRPR ligands for imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer.  \nGRPR  \nThe Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the bombesin protein receptor family [1]. The natural ligand for GRPRis gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). The C-terminal peptide sequence of GRP shares high similarity with the amphibious peptide bombesin, a 14-amino acid peptide that exhibits high affinity for GRPR and the neuromedin B receptor. Both GRP and bombesin bind strongly to GRPR in the nanomolar range. When these peptides bind to GRPR, they initiate downstream signaling cascades and activate various physiological and biological effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and mitosis [2–4]. Currently, all GRPRs are characterized as G-protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. The primary signaling cascade involves the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), resulting in intracellular calcium changes, the production of diacylglycerol, and the activation of protein kinase C (PKCs) [2, 5–8]. These effects are primarily achieved through coupling  \n*Correspondence:  \nFeng Gao[rggaofeng@sdu.edu.cn](rggaofeng@sdu.edu.cn)  \n1 Research Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China  \nwith heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gq/11 and G12/13 families [5, 9, 10]. Other intracellular mediators activated by GRPRs include mitogen-activated protein kinases, adhesion kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and, in certain cases, cyclic AMP response element binding proteins (Fig. 1) [11–13]. GRPR is involved in various physiological mechanisms within the human body. For instance, it regulates gastrointestinal movement and gastric emptying, as well as induces smooth muscle contraction [14]. Endogenous gastrin release is stimulated by activating sensory neurons in the gastric mucosa [15, 16]. Furthermore, GRPR plays a role in the regulation of trypsin release [17] and is involved in immune responses [18, 19]. In addition to these functions, GRPR is implicated in certain brain functions such as the regulation of circadian rhythm [20, 21], memory [22], and the modulation of stress, fear, and anxiety [23–25].  \nExpression of GRPR in different cancers  \nGRPR has garnered significant interest in the fields of oncology and nuclear medicine due to its high-density expression in various cancers, including prostate cancer (PC) [26–28], breast cancer (BC) [29–32], small cell lung cancer (SCLC) [33], gastrinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors [34, 35], and other cancers [36]. Notably, apart from the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, thereis minimal physiological expression of GRPR in other  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were m","cbCaiuTAio5JiToJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuTAio5JiToJ","pdf",2058767,16,"English","# Abstract\n# GRPR\n## Expression of GRPR in different cancers","[{\"question\":\"What is GRPR and why is it important for cancer imaging?\",\"answer\":\"GRPR is a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor highly expressed across several cancers. Its high expression enables targeted molecular imaging using radiolabeled GRPR ligands for diagnosis and monitoring.\"},{\"question\":\"Which signaling pathways are activated when GRPR is engaged by its ligands?\",\"answer\":\"Ligand binding triggers downstream cascades, primarily involving phospholipase C (PLC), intracellular calcium changes, diacylglycerol formation, and protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Additional mediators include MAP kinases, adhesion kinases, and PI3-kinases, among others.\"},{\"question\":\"What scope does the review focus on regarding radiolabeled GRPR ligands?\",\"answer\":\"The review provides an overview of advances from the past two decades, with particular emphasis on radiolabeled GRPR ligands for imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer.\"}]","Advances of radiolabeled GRPR ligands for PET/CT imaging of cancers | PDF",1789975287]