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It includes vascular networks, extracellular matrices, immune cells, and other components that regulate tumor behavior.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the TME weaken immune surveillance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The TME fosters immunosuppression via hypoxia, low pH, increased interstitial pressure, and abnormal tumor vasculature permeability, creating an immunosuppressive inflammatory microenvironment. Immunosuppressive components promote immune evasion and can reduce immunotherapy effectiveness.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What therapeutic direction does the review emphasize for immunotherapy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It focuses on targeting and remodeling the TME to enhance host immune responses against tumors. The review summarizes targeted strategies for regulating TME composition and features to improve immunotherapeutic outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},338319,1790068727,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 03 October 2024  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1472772  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nWenxue Ma,  \nUniversity of California, San Diego, United States  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAnjali Barnwal,  \nDuke University, United States Dongyao Wang,  \nUniversity of Science and Technology of China, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nXinfeng Chen  \n [fengxinchen1985@163.com](fengxinchen1985@163.com)[ ](fengxinchen1985@163.com)Yi Zhang  \n [yizhang@zzu.edu.cn](yizhang@zzu.edu.cn);  \n†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship  \nRECEIVED 30 July 2024  \nACCEPTED 16 September 2024  \nPUBLISHED 03 October 2024  \nCITATION  \nWang L, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wu P, Zhang Y and Chen X (2024) Advances in targeting tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. 15:1472772 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1472772  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Wang, Zhang, Zhang, Wu, Zhang and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nAdvances in targeting tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy  \nLugang Wang 1,2†, Liubo Zhang 1†, Zhen Zhang 1, Peng Wu 1, Yi Zhang 1,2,3,4,5,6* and Xinfeng Chen 1,2*  \n1 Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,  \n2 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 3State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 4School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,  \n5 Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 6Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China  \nThe tumor microenvironment (TME) provides essential conditions for the occurrence, invasion, and spread of cancer cells. Initial research has uncovered immunosuppressive properties of the TME, which include low oxygen levels (hypoxia), acidic conditions (low pH), increased interstitial pressure, heightened permeability of tumor vasculature, and an inflammatory microenvironment. The presence of various immunosuppressive components leads to immune evasion and affects immunotherapy efficacy. This indicates the potential value of targeting the TME in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, TME remodeling has become an effective method for enhancing host immune responses against tumors. In this study, we elaborate on the characteristics and composition of the TME and how it weakens immune surveillance and summarize targeted therapeutic strategies for regulating the TME.  \nKEYWORDS  \ntumor microenvironment, immunosuppression, targeted, immunotherapy, cancer  \n1 Introduction  \nIn the history of the struggle against cancer, from the initial belief that cancer is a tumor to its recognition as a complex systemic ailment, the use of the body’s immune system to specifically target and kill tumors has evolved (1) . The TME, the latest research direction in cancer studies, has been confirmed by multiple studies as a key player in the development of tumors. The TME symbolizes the environment of cancer cells and embodies an intricate biome comprising vascular networks, extracellular matrices, immune cells, and various adjacent elements enveloping cancerous cells. Elements within the TME communicate and mutually regulate both cellular and noncellular components (2, 3) . The “dysfunctional”state of tumor blood vessels fosters features such as a lack of oxygen and acidic  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nconditions within the TME, creating an immunosuppressive ","cbCaidCc1hxjMwiV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidCc1hxjMwiV","pdf",2953111,"English","# Introduction\n# TME overview and its characteristics","[{\"question\":\"What is the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"The TME provides conditions that support cancer cell occurrence, invasion, and spread. It includes vascular networks, extracellular matrices, immune cells, and other components that regulate tumor behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the TME weaken immune surveillance?\",\"answer\":\"The TME fosters immunosuppression via hypoxia, low pH, increased interstitial pressure, and abnormal tumor vasculature permeability, creating an immunosuppressive inflammatory microenvironment. Immunosuppressive components promote immune evasion and can reduce immunotherapy effectiveness.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic direction does the review emphasize for immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on targeting and remodeling the TME to enhance host immune responses against tumors. The review summarizes targeted strategies for regulating TME composition and features to improve immunotherapeutic outcomes.\"}]","Advances in targeting tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy | PDF",1790023043,48]