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The review surveys antigen-directed immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, vaccines, cytokine-based agents, and antibody-drug conjugates targeting mesothelin, folate receptor-α, HER2, MUC16, EpCAM, and claudin-6. It explains biological and clinical limits, explores resistance-overcoming strategies and biomarker-driven combinations, and emphasizes integrated genomic and immune profiling to guide next-generation treatment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advances-in-immunotherapies-in-ovarian-cancer/354340/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/advances-in-immunotherapies-in-ovarian-cancer/354340.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-27","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why have immune checkpoint inhibitors shown limited benefit in ovarian cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review explains that, although immune checkpoint inhibitors changed treatment in other solid tumors, their efficacy in ovarian cancer has generally been limited to a small fraction of patients, with functional T-cell exhaustion and tumor microenvironment signals contributing to reduced activity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which antigen-directed immunotherapies are discussed for ovarian cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review covers adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR-T and TIL therapy), bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, cytokine-based agents, and antibody-drug conjugates.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the review propose improving outcomes and overcoming resistance?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It highlights rational combination strategies and biomarker-driven approaches, and stresses integrated genomic and immune profiling to identify mechanisms of response and resistance and guide treatment decisions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},354340,1790485041,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Open access  \nTo cite: Ayasun R, Zamarin D. Advances in immunotherapies in ovarian cancer. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2026;14:e014656 . doi:10 . 1136/ jitc-2025-014656  \nAccepted 03 June 2026  \n© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.  \n1Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA  \n2Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA 3Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA  \n4Tisch Cancer Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA  \nCorrespondence to  \nDr Dmitriy Zamarin;  \n[dmitriy.zamarin@mssm.edu](dmitriy.zamarin@mssm.edu)  \nReview  \nAdvances in immunotherapies in ovarian cancer  \nRuveyda Ayasun,1 Dmitriy Zamarin  2,3,4  \nABSTRACT  \nOvarian cancer (OC) remains one of the deadliest gynecologic malignancies, and, despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in nearly half of cases, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown only modest clinical benefit. These observations have stimulated interest in antigen-directed immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (chimeric antigen receptor T cell, TIL therapy), bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, cytokine-based agents, and antibody–drug conjugates. Multiple targets, such as mesothelin, folate receptor-α, HER2, MUC16, EpCAM, and claudin-6, are currently under clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of immunotherapy in OC and examine the biological and clinical factors that have limited therapeutic efficacy to date. We also discuss emerging strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, including rational combinations and biomarker-driven approaches. Finally, we highlight the critical role of integrated genomic and immune profiling to elucidate mechanisms of response and resistance and to guide the next generation of immunotherapeutic strategies for OC.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecologic cancers. In the USA, it is expected that in 2025 about 20,890 women will be newly diagnosed, and around 12,730 will die from this disease.1 Even with progress in treatment, prognosis is still poor, and only about 25% of patients live longer than 10 years after diagnosis. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Female Genital Tract describes five main histologic types of ovarian carcinoma: highgrade serous, low-grade serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell.2 Among these, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common.  \nStandard therapy for newly-diagnosed advanced OC includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with platinum-taxane doublet followed by interval cytoreductive surgery or primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with the optional addition of bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy and as maintenance.3 More recently, the introduction of maintenance treatments with poly(ADP-ribose)  \npolymerase (PARP) inhibitors, alone or together with bevacizumab, has resulted in modest improvement in survival, though the vast majority of patients still eventually experience cancer recurrence and succumb to disease.4–6  \nAbout half of ovarian tumors contain tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) . Patients with intraepithelial TILs live longer, suggesting that the disease has immune  \nactivity and notherapy.7  \nmay be susceptible to immuIn the last 10 years, immuno-  \ntherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) changed the treatment of several solid tumors, including some gynecological cancers. However, in OC, the efficacy of ICI has in general been limited to a small fraction of patients.8 9 It is important to highlight that recently the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pembrolizumab in combination with paclitaxel with or wit","cbCaiuZJnLKRj7Dv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuZJnLKRj7Dv","pdf",954605,12,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Overview of immunotherapy strategies in ovarian cancer\n## Immune checkpoint inhibitors","[{\"question\":\"Why have immune checkpoint inhibitors shown limited benefit in ovarian cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that, although immune checkpoint inhibitors changed treatment in other solid tumors, their efficacy in ovarian cancer has generally been limited to a small fraction of patients, with functional T-cell exhaustion and tumor microenvironment signals contributing to reduced activity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which antigen-directed immunotherapies are discussed for ovarian cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review covers adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR-T and TIL therapy), bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, cytokine-based agents, and antibody-drug conjugates.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review propose improving outcomes and overcoming resistance?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights rational combination strategies and biomarker-driven approaches, and stresses integrated genomic and immune profiling to identify mechanisms of response and resistance and guide treatment decisions.\"}]","Advances in immunotherapies in ovarian cancer | PDF",1790110185]