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Protein kinase inhibitors have reshaped cancer treatment by changing therapeutic strategies, with substantial FDA approvals in recent decades. This review surveys kinase inhibitor targets, emphasizing cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and EGFR, focusing on how studies evaluate cancer cell lines and characterize structural features that drive selective inhibition of cancer-promoting kinases, while also highlighting the latest FDA-approved agents targeting these enzymes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advances-in-cancer-therapy-a-comprehensive-review-of-cdk-and-egfr-inhibitors/340265/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/advances-in-cancer-therapy-a-comprehensive-review-of-cdk-and-egfr-inhibitors/340265.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are protein kinases important in cancer therapy?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Protein kinases control phosphorylation-dependent signaling and cellular processes. Abnormal kinase regulation contributes to cancer development and progression, making kinases major therapeutic targets.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What do CDK and EGFR inhibitors target?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"These inhibitors selectively block cancer-promoting kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), affecting key pathways that sustain tumor growth.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the review describe the evaluation of kinase inhibitor studies?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The reviewed studies commonly start with assessments in cancer cell lines and then provide broader biological evaluation of specific kinase targets. Structural features and binding activity are also emphasized.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},340265,1790290555,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","cells  \nReview  \nAdvances in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of CDK and EGFR Inhibitors  \nMohammed Hawash   \nCitation: Hawash, M. Advances in  \nCancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of CDK and EGFR Inhibitors. Cells 2024, 13, 1656. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cells13191656](10.3390/cells13191656)  \nAcademic Editors: Zamal Ahmed and John A. Tainer  \nReceived: 23 August 2024  \nRevised: 26 September 2024  \nAccepted: 4 October 2024  \nPublished: 6 October 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; [mohawash@najah.edu](mohawash@najah.edu); Tel.: +970-569939939  \nAbstract: Protein kinases have essential responsibilities in controlling several cellular processes, and their abnormal regulation is strongly related to the development of cancer. The implementation of protein kinase inhibitors has significantly transformed cancer therapy by modifying treatment strategies. These inhibitors have received substantial FDA clearance in recent decades. Protein kinases have emerged as primary objectives for therapeutic interventions, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. At present, 69 therapeutics have been approved by the FDA that target approximately 24 protein kinases, which are specifically prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic illnesses. These novel agents specifically inhibit certain protein kinases, such as receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, protein-serine/threonine kinases, dual-specificity kinases, nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of novel targets ofkinase inhibitors, with a specific focus on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) . The majority of the reviewed studies commenced with an assessment of cancer cell lines and concluded with a comprehensive biological evaluation of individual kinase targets. Thereviewed articles provide detailed information on the structural features of potent anticancer agents and their specific activity, which refers to their ability to selectively inhibit cancer-promoting kinases including CDKs and EGFR. Additionally, the latest FDA-approved anticancer agents targeting these enzymes were highlighted accordingly.  \nKeywords: cancer; cell lines; kinases; CDKs; EGFR; FDA; targeted therapy; cell cycle  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, despite significant advancements in the discovery of potential anticancer therapies [1–3] . While the FDA approves new cancer drugs annually, the efficacy of current treatments is hampered by multiple drug resistance, and severe side effects. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutics with reduced toxicity [4–6] . Extensive efforts are underway to identify compounds with improved safety profiles. In pursuit of this goal, researchers are designing and synthesizing novel chemical structures targeting key biological pathways implicated in cancer progression, such as EGFR, CDKs, Ras, and tubulin proteins. These pathways represent primary targets for the development of innovative anticancer agents [7,8] .  \nA protein kinase functions as an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the phosphate group of ATP to threonine, serine, and/or tyrosine residues on protein substrates, a process commonly referred to as phosphorylation. Phosphorylation induces a functional modification in the target protein, controlling the signaling pathways. Notably, human genome sequencing has uncovered that a","cbCaivgTYseP4gNK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivgTYseP4gNK","pdf",14390450,37,"English","# Introduction\n## Protein kinases and cancer\n## FDA-approved kinase-targeted therapies\n## Structural biology and CDK inhibitors\n## EGFR/CDK2 complexes and binding interactions","[{\"question\":\"Why are protein kinases important in cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Protein kinases control phosphorylation-dependent signaling and cellular processes. Abnormal kinase regulation contributes to cancer development and progression, making kinases major therapeutic targets.\"},{\"question\":\"What do CDK and EGFR inhibitors target?\",\"answer\":\"These inhibitors selectively block cancer-promoting kinases, including cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), affecting key pathways that sustain tumor growth.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review describe the evaluation of kinase inhibitor studies?\",\"answer\":\"The reviewed studies commonly start with assessments in cancer cell lines and then provide broader biological evaluation of specific kinase targets. Structural features and binding activity are also emphasized.\"}]","Advances in Cancer Therapy - A Comprehensive Review of CDK and EGFR Inhibitors | PDF",1790035387,93]