[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-160238-en":3,"doc-seo-160238-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},160238,962084925782,"Chloe Bennett","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","Advanced Morphological - Behavioral Test Platform Reveals Neurodevelopmental Defects in Embryonic Zebrafish - Exposed to Comprehensive Suite of Halogenated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants","Sharp increases in the use of flammable plastics and electronic devices, alongside stricter fire-safety requirements, have driven widespread adoption of flame retardant chemicals. Despite increased use, uncertainty remains regarding safety, with evidence of toxicity and potential risks to human and environmental health. A new high-throughput morphological and behavioral testing approach using embryonic zebrafish assessed 44 halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants and selected metabolites.","Advanced Morphological—Behavioral Test Platform Reveals Neurodevelopmental Defects in Embryonic Zebrafish Exposed to Comprehensive Suite of Halogenated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants  \nNoyes, P. D. , Haggard, D. E. , Gonnerman, G. D. , & Tanguay, R. L. (2015) .  \nAdvanced morphological-behavioral test platform reveals neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants. Toxicological Sciences, 145(1), 177-195. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv044  \n10.1093/toxsci/kfv044  \nOxford University Press  \nAccepted Manuscript  \n[http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse](http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse)  \n1 Advanced morphological-behavioral test platform reveals  \n2 neurodevelopmental defects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to comprehensive  \n3 suite of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants  \n4 Pamela D. Noyes *, Derik E. Haggard *, Greg D. Gonnerman *, Robert L. Tanguay*†  \n5 * Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the  \n6 Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331  \n7 † Corresponding author: Phone: 541-737-6514; Email: [robert.tanguay@oregonstate.edu](robert.tanguay@oregonstate.edu).  \n8 Running Title: Developmental and neurobehavioral toxicity of flame retardants  \n9  \n10 Abstract  \n11 Sharp increases in the use of flammable plastics and electronic devices coupled with stricter fire  \n12 safety requirements have promoted the heavy use of flame retardant chemicals. While flame retardant use  \n13 has increased, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds their safety with some evidence showing toxicity and  \n14 risk to human and environmental health. Recent efforts have focused on designing high-throughput  \n15 biological platforms with non-mammalian models to evaluate and prioritize chemicals with limited hazard  \n16 information. To complement these efforts, this study used a new morphological and behavioral testing  \n17 platform with embryonic zebrafish to characterize the developmental toxicity of 44 halogenated and  \n18 organophosphate flame retardants and several of their known metabolites. Zebrafish were exposed to  \n19 flame retardants from 6-120 hours post fertilization (hpf) across concentrations spanning four orders of  \n20 magnitude (e.g., 6.4 nM to 64 µM) . Flame retardant effects on survival and development were evaluated  \n21 at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using two photomotor response (PMR)  \n22 assays. Compared to controls, 93%(41/44) of flame retardants studied elicited adverse effects among one  \n23 or more of the bioassays and concentrations tested with the aryl phosphate ester (APE)-based mono- 24 isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mITP) and the brominated-bisphenol-A analog tetrabromobisphenol-A  \n25 (TBBPA) producing the greatest array of malformations. Hierarchical clustering showed that APE flame  \n26 retardants with isopropyl, butyl, and cresyl substituents on phenyl rings clustered tightly and were  \n27 particularly potent. Both PMR assays were highly predictive of morphological defects supporting their  \n28 use as non-lethal means of evaluating teratogenicity that could allow for additional evaluations of long- 29 term or delayed effects in older animals. Taken together, evidence presented here indicates that zebrafish  \n30 neurodevelopment is highly sensitive to many flame retardants currently in use and can be used to  \n31 understand potential vulnerabilities to human health.  \n32  \n33 INTRODUCTION  \n34 Dramatic increases in the use of flammable plastics and electronics coupled with stricter fire  \n35 safety standards have resulted in the heavy use of flame retardant chemicals. Flame retardants today  \n36 represent a diverse array of chemicals with differing structural characteristics and fire suppressing  \n37 properties. Increased public, media, and government scrutiny of flame ","cbCaikFNh2XE4pVo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikFNh2XE4pVo","pdf",745454,1,39,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What motivated the study of flame retardants in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Greater use of flammable plastics and electronics, plus stricter fire-safety needs, increased flame retardant exposure, while uncertainty about their safety and documented toxicity risks remained unresolved.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers evaluate the effects of flame retardants?\",\"answer\":\"Embryonic zebrafish were exposed from 6–120 hours post-fertilization, survival and developmental outcomes were assessed at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using two photomotor response assays.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings regarding developmental and neurobehavioral defects?\",\"answer\":\"Across tested concentrations, 93% of the flame retardants induced adverse effects in one or more bioassays, with specific APE-based and brominated compounds producing particularly broad malformations and strong predictive behavioral signals.\"}]","Advanced Morphological - Behavioral Test Platform Reveals Neurodevelopmental Defects in Embryonic Zebrafish - Exposed to Comprehensive Suite of Halogenated and Organophosphate Flame Retardants | PDF",1788052655,98,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"advanced-morphological-behavioral-test-platform-reveals-neurodevelopmental-defects-in-embryonic-zebrafish-exposed-to-comprehensive-suite-of-halogenated-and-organophosphate-flame-retardants","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advanced-morphological-behavioral-test-platform-reveals-neurodevelopmental-defects-in-embryonic-zebrafish-exposed-to-comprehensive-suite-of-halogenated-and-organophosphate-flame-retardants/160238/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-30",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What motivated the study of flame retardants in this research?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Greater use of flammable plastics and electronics, plus stricter fire-safety needs, increased flame retardant exposure, while uncertainty about their safety and documented toxicity risks remained unresolved.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How did the researchers evaluate the effects of flame retardants?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Embryonic zebrafish were exposed from 6–120 hours post-fertilization, survival and developmental outcomes were assessed at 24 and 120 hpf, and neurobehavioral changes were measured using two photomotor response assays.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What were the key findings regarding developmental and neurobehavioral defects?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Across tested concentrations, 93% of the flame retardants induced adverse effects in one or more bioassays, with specific APE-based and brominated compounds producing particularly broad malformations and strong predictive behavioral signals.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]