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Adult patients undergoing thymectomy for pathologically confirmed thymoma from January 2000 to December 2023 were retrospectively followed with at least 12 months. Recurrence, progression-free survival, and overall survival were compared with time-to-event analyses, including Cox regression restricted to R0 resections. Advanced stage predicted shorter RFS, PFS, and OS independently; MG was not independently associated with recurrence or OS, despite younger MG patients.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advanced-masaoka-koga-stage-as-an-independent-predictor-of-thymoma-recurrence-after-complete-resection-myasthenia-gravis-was-not-an-independent-factor/441879/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/advanced-masaoka-koga-stage-as-an-independent-predictor-of-thymoma-recurrence-after-complete-resection-myasthenia-gravis-was-not-an-independent-factor/441879.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Does myasthenia gravis (MG) independently predict thymoma recurrence after complete resection?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"No. MG status was not independently associated with recurrence or overall survival, including in analyses restricted to R0 resections.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which factor most strongly predicts thymoma recurrence after complete resection?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Advanced Masaoka-Koga stage was the strongest independent predictor of thymoma recurrence after complete resection.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does tumor size relate to outcomes in the R0-only subgroup?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Tumor size showed only a borderline association with recurrence in the R0 subgroup, and it was not associated with survival.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},441879,1791066809,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Advanced Masaoka-Koga stage as an independent predictor of thymoma recurrence after complete resection: myasthenia gravis was not an independent factor  \nJiwon Yang1^, Yeong-Bae Lee1, Kun Woo Kim2  \n1Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea  \nContributions: (I) Conception and design: All authors; (II) Administrative support: All authors; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: J Yang; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: J Yang, KW Kim; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: J Yang, YB Lee; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII)  \nFinal approval of manuscript: All authors.  \nCorrespondence to: Jiwon Yang, MD, PhD. Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong  \ndaero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, [Republic of Korea. Email: jiwonyang@gachon.ac.kr](Republic of Korea. Email: jiwonyang@gachon.ac.kr).  \nBackground: Although myasthenia gravis (MG) commonly coexists with thymoma, its prognostic role in thymoma recurrence is controversial. Therefore, we aimed to identify clinical and pathological predictors of  \nrecurrence after thymectomy in a single-center cohort.  \nMethods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients who underwent thymectomy for pathologically confirmed thymoma between January 2000 and December 2023 at a single tertiary center. Patients with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. Clinical, surgical, and pathological features were compared between patients with and without MG. Survival outcomes, including recurrence-free survival (RFS, R0 subgroup), progression-free survival (PFS, overall cohort), and overall survival (OS), were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank tests. Independent predictors of recurrence were evaluated using Cox  \nproportional hazards regression restricted to patients with R0 resection.  \nResults: Patients with MG were significantly younger and more likely to undergo transsternal extended thymectomy than those without MG. Although thymoma recurrence was more frequent in the MG group, MG status was not significantly associated with RFS or OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that advancedstage thymoma (stage III–IV) was associated with significantly shorter RFS, PFS, and OS compared with early-stage disease. In multivariate Cox regression restricted to R0 resections, advanced Masaoka stage  \nremained an independent predictor of recurrence, while tumor size showed only a borderline association.  \nConclusions: Advanced Masaoka stage is the strongest independent predictor of thymoma recurrence after complete resection. Tumor size demonstrated a borderline association, suggesting a potential contributory role that requires further validation. MG, although clinically important for peri-and post-operative  \nmanagement, was not independently associated with recurrence.  \nKeywords: Thymoma; recurrence; Masaoka stage; tumor size; myasthenia gravis (MG)  \nSubmitted Sep 05, 2025. Accepted for publication Nov 04, 2025. Published online Dec 23, 2025.  \ndoi: 10.21037/gs-2025-401  \nView this article at: [https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-2025-401](https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-2025-401)  \n^ ORCID: 0000-0003-1379-6899.  \n© AME Publishing Company. Gland Surg 2025;14(12):2414-2423 | [https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-2025-401](https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-2025-401)  \nGland Surgery, Vol 14, No 12 December 2025 2415  \nIntroduction  \nThymoma is a typically slow-growing anterior mediastinal tumor that often remains clinically silent and is frequently identified incidentally during radiologic evaluations orin the context of neuromuscular symptoms attributable to myasthenia gravis (MG) . The association between thymoma and MG is well-documented, with thymoma present in approximately 10–15% of patients with MG, and conversely, MG observ","cbCair6jILHc5hUy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCair6jILHc5hUy","pdf",360385,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and rationale\n# Methods\n## Study design and cohort\n## Outcomes and statistical analysis\n# Results\n## Baseline differences and survival associations\n## Multivariate predictors in R0 subgroup\n# Conclusions\n## Key prognostic implications","[{\"question\":\"Does myasthenia gravis (MG) independently predict thymoma recurrence after complete resection?\",\"answer\":\"No. MG status was not independently associated with recurrence or overall survival, including in analyses restricted to R0 resections.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factor most strongly predicts thymoma recurrence after complete resection?\",\"answer\":\"Advanced Masaoka-Koga stage was the strongest independent predictor of thymoma recurrence after complete resection.\"},{\"question\":\"How does tumor size relate to outcomes in the R0-only subgroup?\",\"answer\":\"Tumor size showed only a borderline association with recurrence in the R0 subgroup, and it was not associated with survival.\"}]","Advanced Masaoka-Koga stage as an independent predictor of thymoma recurrence after complete resection - myasthenia gravis was not an independent factor | PDF",1790697924,25]