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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers exceptional sensitivity and detailed molecular fingerprinting for detecting metabolic alterations, enabling rapid and early-stage screening. This review describes SERS principles and detection strategies, surveys recent advances and integrations with other technologies, and discusses key challenges and future directions to support improved early detection of UGI cancers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/advanced-integrated-sers-based-strategies-for-the-early-diagnosis-of-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers/346052/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/advanced-integrated-sers-based-strategies-for-the-early-diagnosis-of-upper-gastrointestinal-cancers/346052.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancers difficult with traditional methods?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Traditional approaches such as endoscopic biopsy, imaging, and molecular assays are often invasive, time-consuming, and may lack sufficient sensitivity. This contributes to many cases being diagnosed at advanced stages.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What makes SERS suitable for early-stage UGI cancer screening?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"SERS is ultrasensitive, rapid, and nondestructive, and it provides rich molecular fingerprinting information. It can help uncover metabolic molecular alterations and support early diagnosis.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What does the review cover regarding SERS-based diagnostics?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review outlines SERS principles and detection strategies, highlights recent advances for UGI cancer diagnosis, and emphasizes applications especially when SERS is integrated with other innovative technologies. 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Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2026) 24:812 Journal of Nanobiotechnology  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-026-04844-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-026-04844-x)  \nREVIEW Open Access  \nAdvanced integrated SERS-based strategies for the early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancers  \nQian Wang1†, Siyi Jiang2†, Shuyu Zhai1, Wenjia Yin1, Yao Sun3*, Huifang Zhao4* and Ruiping Zhang1,2*  \nAbstract  \nUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are associated with high incidence and poor prognosis due to their insidious onset, posing a serious threat to human health. Traditional diagnostic approaches, including endoscopic biopsy, imaging modalities, and molecular assays, frequently suffer from tedious procedures and insufficient sensitivity. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel technologies for the early diagnosis of UGI cancers to reduce diagnostic delay, ensure diagnostic accuracy, and ultimately improve patient survival rates. Owing to its exceptional sensitivity and rich molecular fingerprinting information, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as an invaluable analytical tool for uncovering metabolic molecular alterations, thereby facilitating rapid, sensitive, and early-stage diagnosis of UGI cancers. Herein, this review not only outlines the principles and detection strategies of SERS technology, but also highlights its recent advances in the early diagnosis of UGI cancers, particularly in conjunction with other innovative technologies. Ultimately, the current challenges and future development directions are discussed, providing a valuable perspective to guide future efforts toward early UGI cancer screening. Keywords UGI cancers, Conventional diagnostic methods, Label-free SERS approaches, Labeled SERS diagnostic strategies, Early-stage cancer screening  \nIntroduction  \nUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, predominantly esophageal and gastric cancers, are among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide [1, 2]. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) data, UGI cancers were associated with over 1.47 million  \n†Qian Wang and Siyi Jiang contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nYao Sun [sunyaogbasp@ccnu.edu.cn](sunyaogbasp@ccnu.edu.cn)[ ](sunyaogbasp@ccnu.edu.cn)Huifang Zhao  \nzhaohf1 [108@163.com](108@163.com)  \nRuiping Zhang  \n[zrp_7142@sxmu.edu.cn](zrp_7142@sxmu.edu.cn)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \nnew cases and more than 1.1 million deaths globally in 2022, imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems [3]. Notably, approximately 60% of UGI cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic methods, resulting in poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate [4].  \nCurrently, the routine diagnostic approaches for UGI cancers mainly include endoscopic biopsy, imaging modalities, molecular assays, etc., as detailed in Sect. 2 [5, 6]. Endoscopic biopsy is generally the gold standard for UGI cancer diagnosis but has inherent drawbacks, such as invasiveness, high cost, and specialized operator requirements. In addition, noninvasive imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), provide imaging information about only tumor invasion and lesion extent, and  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicate","cbCaigKwOJz3pA8O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigKwOJz3pA8O","pdf",5104631,33,"English","# Introduction\n## Current diagnostic approaches for UGI cancers\n# SERS technology for early diagnosis\n## Principles and detection strategies\n## Advances integrating SERS with other technologies\n# Challenges and future directions","[{\"question\":\"Why is early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancers difficult with traditional methods?\",\"answer\":\"Traditional approaches such as endoscopic biopsy, imaging, and molecular assays are often invasive, time-consuming, and may lack sufficient sensitivity. This contributes to many cases being diagnosed at advanced stages.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes SERS suitable for early-stage UGI cancer screening?\",\"answer\":\"SERS is ultrasensitive, rapid, and nondestructive, and it provides rich molecular fingerprinting information. It can help uncover metabolic molecular alterations and support early diagnosis.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review cover regarding SERS-based diagnostics?\",\"answer\":\"The review outlines SERS principles and detection strategies, highlights recent advances for UGI cancer diagnosis, and emphasizes applications especially when SERS is integrated with other innovative technologies. It also discusses current challenges and future development directions.\"}]","Advanced integrated SERS-based strategies for the early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal cancers | PDF",1790059871,83]