[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-501915-105":59,"doc-detail-501915-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","addressing-challenging-thermal-runaway-simulation-requirements-through-detailed-3d-cfd-models-paper","Addressing Challenging Thermal Runaway Simulation Requirements through Detailed 3D CFD Models - paper","","The work addresses challenging thermal runaway simulation requirements by building detailed 3D CFD battery models in CONVERGE. It covers coupled electrothermal response, immersion and air/liquid cooling with phase-change materials, and calibrated thermal runaway mechanisms using ARC and DSC-derived kinetic and multi-reaction parameters. Thermal runaway propagation is modeled with detailed chemical kinetics, Arrhenius-based mechanisms, and vent-gas ignition and combustion. Validation and mitigation studies combine single-cell and assembly testing, calibration, and virtual evaluation of strategies for preventing thermal propagation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/addressing-challenging-thermal-runaway-simulation-requirements-through-detailed-3d-cfd-models-paper/501915/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/addressing-challenging-thermal-runaway-simulation-requirements-through-detailed-3d-cfd-models-paper/501915.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mia  ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of the detailed 3D CFD models in CONVERGE?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To meet challenging requirements for simulating battery thermal runaway, including electrothermal coupling, cooling effects, mechanism calibration, and propagation behavior.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are thermal runaway mechanisms calibrated?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The approach uses ARC data to specify mechanism kinetic parameters and DSC data to construct multi-reaction mechanisms, then calibrates mechanisms to match measured behavior (e.g., venting timing and thermal response).",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What mitigation and validation activities are described?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The document describes collaboration between teams, mitigation technology evaluation, simulation methodology development and validation with CONVERGE, extensive single-cell and assembly testing, and virtual assessment of technologies to slow or mitigate thermal runaway propagation (TRP).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},501915,1791338957,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},687207024478,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Addressing Challenging Thermal Runaway Simulation Requirements through Detailed 3D CFD Models  \nKislaya Srivastava, Tristan Burton  \nConvergent Science Inc., Northville, MI, USA  \nAlexander Fandakov, Lorenz von Roemer, Marc Sens, Marcus Woebke  \nIAV GmbH, Berlin, Germany  \nDetailed 3D Battery Simulations Using CONVERGE  \n• Air/liquid/immersion cooling, including phase-change materials  \n• Electrothermal response using lumped equivalent circuit model or 3D coupled potential solver with electrochemistry  \n• Thermal runaway mechanism calibration tools  \n• ARC Data: Specifying mechanism kinetic parameters  \n• DSC Data: Constructing multi-reaction mechanisms  \n\n| | | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\n• Thermal runaway propagation: SAGE detailed chemical kinetics solver  \n• Arrhenius-based chemical reaction mechanisms  \n•  \nThermal runaway vent gas ignition and combustion  \n• Vent gas ignition, battery pack fires/explosion, fire  \n\n| | | suppression, solid ejecta, and deposition |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | |\n\n* Ren, D., Liu, X., Feng, X., Lu, L. Ouyang, M., Li, J., and He, X., “Model-based thermal runaway prediction of lithium-ion batteries from kinetics analysis of cell components,” Applied Energy, 228, 633-644, 2018.  \nThermal Runaway Mechanisms in CONVERGE  \nREN TR MECHANISM  \n• 6 reactions, NMC battery chemistry  \n• Ren et al., 2018 *  \n􀟢􀯫 = 􀜣 􀯫 ⋅ exp 􀜧~~ ~~􀯔􀜴􀜶,~~ ~~ ⋅ 􀝂􀯫 (􀜿􀯫)  \n􀜿􀯫 = 1 − න􀟢􀯫 􀝀􀝐  \n􀝂􀯫 􀜿􀯫 = 􀜿􀯡􀯫􀳣 􀜳􀯫 = 􀝉􀯫 ⋅ Δ􀜪􀯫 ⋅ 􀟢􀯫􀜿􀯌􀮾􀯂 = 1 − න􀟢􀯌􀮾􀯂 􀝀􀝐  \nSEI film decomposition (SEI) Anode and electrolyte (An-E) Anode and binder (An-B) Cathode and anode (Cat-An) Cathode and binder (Cat-B) Cathode decomposition (Cat)  \n􀜿􀮺􀯡−􀮾 = 􀜿􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮺􀯡 = 1 − න 􀟢􀮺􀯡−􀮾 + 􀟢 􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮺􀯡 􀝀􀝐  \n􀜿􀮺􀯡−􀮻 = 􀜿􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮻 = 1 − න ~~ ~~1~~ ~~~~ ~~􀟛 ⋅ 􀟢􀮺􀯡−􀮻 + 􀟢 􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮻 􀝀􀝐  \n􀜿􀮼􀯔􀯧 = 1 − න􀟢 􀮼􀯔􀯧 􀝀􀝐  \n􀜳􀯚􀯘􀯡 = 􀜳􀯌􀮾􀯂 + 􀜳􀮺􀯡−􀮾 + 􀜳􀮺􀯡−􀮻 + 􀜳 􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮺􀯡 + 􀜳 􀮼􀯔􀯧−􀮻 + 􀜳 􀯖􀯔􀯧  \nSelecting Suitable Thermal Runaway Mechanisms  \n􀟢􀯫 =⋅ exp 􀜧~~ ~~􀯔􀜴􀜶,~~ ~~ ⋅ 􀝂􀯫 (􀜿 􀯫)􀝂􀯫 􀜿􀯫 = 􀜿􀯡􀯫   \n􀜳 􀯫 = 􀝉􀯫 ⋅ Δ􀜪􀯫 ⋅ 􀟢􀯫  \nFighting Thermal Runaway Propagation  \n• Collaborative work between IAV GmbH and Convergent Science Inc.  \n• Addressing the ever-increasing risk for Thermal Runaway Propagation  \n• Evaluation across different development targets : Cell chemistry, Cell format, Cell2Battery configuration, Thermal management, Venting system  \n• Assess mitigation technologies and develop novel methodologies  \n• Thermal management operation strategy optimization : Predictive 3D simulation approaches  \n• Work published at the 45th International Vienna Motor Symposium  \nSens, M., Fandakov, A., Mueller, K., von Roemer, L., Woebke, M., Tourlonias, P., Mueller, T., Burton, T., Srivastava, K., and Senecal, P. K.,“From Thermal Runaway to No Thermal Propagation,” 45th International Vienna Motor Symposium, Vienna, Austria, Apr 24–26, 2024.  \n[https://doi.org/10.62626/wznd-tsm7](https://doi.org/10.62626/wznd-tsm7)  \nThe Path to No Thermal Runaway Propagation  \nExtensive single cell and cell assembly testing within IAV test facilities  \nSimulation methodology development and validation using CONVERGE  \nInvestigation of new TRP mitigation technologies through detailed 3D CFD  \n• Different cell chemistries, cell assembly setups, TR initiation methods, propagation mitigation measures  \n• Measurement data to help validate TR and TRP simulation approaches  \n• Understanding TRP process at critical conditions with different mitigation technologies  \n• Chemistry-based TR mechanism calibration for different cell chemistries  \n• Validation with single cell characterizations  \n• Transfer to cell assembly models and validation with assembly measurements  \n• Consideration of thermal management, pack configuration, vent gases, gas combustion  \n• Deployment of validated TR mechanismsand cell assembly models  \n• Virtual assessment of different technologies for slowing down or mitigating TRP : Foams, compression pads, oil, PCMs, etc.  \nSingle Cell Testing  \nNMC  \nLFP SIB  \n• Cell chemistry and triggering method comparison  \n• NMC811, LFP, SIB : 18650 Cylindrical format  \n•","cbCaifVpOkLHuw1C","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifVpOkLHuw1C","pdf",5005240,27,"English","# Thermal runaway simulation requirements\n## Detailed 3D battery simulations using CONVERGE\n## Thermal runaway mechanisms in CONVERGE\n## Selecting suitable thermal runaway mechanisms\n## Fighting thermal runaway propagation\n## Path to no thermal runaway propagation\n## Single cell testing and calibration setup\n## Single cell testing results","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the detailed 3D CFD models in CONVERGE?\",\"answer\":\"To meet challenging requirements for simulating battery thermal runaway, including electrothermal coupling, cooling effects, mechanism calibration, and propagation behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How are thermal runaway mechanisms calibrated?\",\"answer\":\"The approach uses ARC data to specify mechanism kinetic parameters and DSC data to construct multi-reaction mechanisms, then calibrates mechanisms to match measured behavior (e.g., venting timing and thermal response).\"},{\"question\":\"What mitigation and validation activities are described?\",\"answer\":\"The document describes collaboration between teams, mitigation technology evaluation, simulation methodology development and validation with CONVERGE, extensive single-cell and assembly testing, and virtual assessment of technologies to slow or mitigate thermal runaway propagation (TRP).\"}]","Addressing Challenging Thermal Runaway Simulation Requirements through Detailed 3D CFD Models - paper | PDF",1791026978,68]