[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122081-en":3,"doc-seo-122081-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122081,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",6,"Technology","Additively Manufactured Waveguide Hybrid Septum Coupler Optimized Using Machine Learning - Conference Paper","This paper presents a waveguide hybrid septum coupler with a smooth profile tailored for additive manufacturing. The large aperture is shaped using even-degree Legendre polynomials, while machine learning-assisted global optimization expands the operating bandwidth. A detailed K-band design is provided, and a prototype is fabricated using ALM and experimentally tested. Results confirm a 19% bandwidth improvement versus a previously reported design in the same band, with key properties and physical dimensions largely preserved, enabling lightweight, mechanically simple integrated microwave components for satellite and compact feed systems.","# Conference Paper\n\nAdditively Manufactured Waveguide Hybrid Septum CouplerOptimized Using Machine Learning  \nFonseca,N.J.G.,Akinsolu,M.O.,Rico-Fernández,J.,Liu,B.and Angevain,J.-C.,  \nThis is a paper presented at the 202418th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation(EuCAP),Glasgow,United Kingdom,2024.  \nThe published version is available at:  \nhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10501386.  \nCopyright of the author(s).Reproduced here with their permission and the permission of theconference organisers.  \nRecommended citation:  \nFonseca,N.J.G.,Akinsolu,M.O.,Rico-Fernández,J.,Liu,B.and Angevain,J.-C.,(2024)'AdditivelyManufactured Waveguide Hybrid Septum Coupler Optimized Using Machine Learning,'202418thEuropean Conference on Antennas and Propagation(EuCAP),Glasgow,United Kingdom,2024,pp.1-  \n4.doi:10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501386.  \nAdditively Manufactured Waveguide Hybrid SeptumCoupler Optimized Using Machine Learning  \nNelson J.G.Fonseca*,Mobayode O.Akinsolut,José Rico-Fernández,Bo Lius,Jean-Christophe Angevain*  \n*European Space Agency,2200 AG,Noordwijk,The Netherlands,{nelson.fonseca;jean.christophe.angevain}@esa.intFaculty of Arts,Science and Technology,Wrexham University,Wrexham,LL112AW U.K.,m.o.akinsolu@ieee.org\\#Northern Waves AB,SE-11428 Stockholm,Sweden,pepe.rico@northern-waves.comSJames Watt School of Engineering,University of Glasgow,Glasgow,G128QQ U.K.,bo.liu@glasgow.ac.uk  \npolarized X-band feed including a septum coupler has alreadybeen reported using ALM [14].Here,we explore further thedegrees of freedom provided by ALM in defining the profileof the septum coupler.  \nAbstract—This paper describes a waveguide septum couplerdesign having a smooth profile well suited for additive manufac-turing.The large aperture of this hybrid coupler is shaped witheven-degree Legendre polynomials.Machine learning-assistedglobal optimization is employed to extend the operating band-width of the component.A design in K-band is detailed and aprototype is manufactured and tested.The experimental resultsconfirm an improvement of 19%in operating bandwidth com-pared to the previously reported design in the same band whilekeeping all other key properties mostly unchanged,specificallythe physical dimensions.The use of additive manufacturingleads to a mechanically simple and lightweight component ofinterest for the design of integrated microwave devices,such asbeamforming networks and compact feed systems.  \nLegendre polynomials have been considered for the designof septum polarizers [15].However,the optimization processproved to be challenging as each parameter impacts the com-plete profile [16].This work leverages the benefits of machinelearning(ML)-assisted global optimization to obtain a newdesign with enhanced performance,specifically the parallelsurrogate model-assisted hybrid differential evolution for an-tenna synthesis(PSADEA)method [19],[20].The PSADEAis a cutting-edge ML-based technique for the efficient designof microwave devices,and it is the third instalment in theSADEA family of algorithms,which has subsequently evolvedinto an industry standard for the artificial intelligence(AI)-driven design of microwave devices [21].The PSADEA doesnot require an initial design and any ad-hoc process,makingit more robust and generic [19],[20].Using this method,a specific K-band design is presented,which increases theoperating fractional bandwidth of the previously reportedprototype by 19%or 700 MHz.A prototype is manufacturedusing ALM and the test results are in good agreement withthe predictions.  \nIndex Terms—Hybrid coupler,waveguide component,additivemanufacturing,machine learning,communication satellite.  \n## I.INTRODUCTION\n\nDirectional couplers are essential microwave componentswith a long history going back to the 1940s [1].Theyenable power-combining and power-splitting functionalities,ofimportance in a number of microwave sub-systems,includingbeamforming networks [2],phased array calibration lines [3]and circularly ","cbCairqLCuNh4Foz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairqLCuNh4Foz","pdf",2302301,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Directional and waveguide couplers background\n# Waveguide hybrid septum coupler with smooth profile\n## Design description\n## Principle and manufacturing motivation","[{\"question\":\"What design goals does the paper target for the hybrid septum coupler?\",\"answer\":\"The work targets a smooth profile suitable for additive manufacturing, while improving operational bandwidth without substantially changing key properties and physical dimensions.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the coupler aperture shaped in this design?\",\"answer\":\"The large aperture is shaped using even-degree Legendre polynomials to define the smooth profile.\"},{\"question\":\"What optimization approach and performance gain are reported?\",\"answer\":\"Machine learning-assisted global optimization using the PSADEA method is employed, yielding a 19% increase in operating bandwidth (about 700 MHz) in the K-band prototype compared with the previously reported design.\"}]","Additively Manufactured Waveguide Hybrid Septum Coupler Optimized Using Machine Learning - Conference Paper | 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design goals does the paper target for the hybrid septum coupler?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The work targets a smooth profile suitable for additive manufacturing, while improving operational bandwidth without substantially changing key properties and physical dimensions.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How is the coupler aperture shaped in this design?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The large aperture is shaped using even-degree Legendre polynomials to define the smooth profile.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What optimization approach and performance gain are reported?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Machine learning-assisted global optimization using the PSADEA method is employed, yielding a 19% increase in operating bandwidth (about 700 MHz) in the K-band prototype compared with the previously reported 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