[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-613194-105":59,"doc-detail-613194-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ad-hominem-arguments-logical-fallacies-explained","Ad Hominem Arguments - Logical Fallacies Explained","","Ad Hominem Arguments explains the logical fallacy of judging an argument by attacking the person instead of addressing the claim. It contrasts an ad hominem exchange between a teacher and a student with a more productive approach that focuses on the homework workload itself. Through explanation and a practice exercise, the material shows how to rewrite dialogue to be logical, convincing, and less likely to create hurt feelings or communication breakdowns.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ad-hominem-arguments-logical-fallacies-explained/613194/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ad-hominem-arguments-logical-fallacies-explained/613194.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is an ad hominem argument?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"An ad hominem argument rejects or attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument or the premise itself.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the teacher’s response count as ad hominem?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The teacher never addresses whether the homework amount is fair; instead, the teacher insults the student as “lazy” and assumes how the student spends free time.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How can the student and teacher respond more effectively?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The student should present logical reasons about workload, sleep time, and feasibility, and suggest concrete changes. The teacher should explain reasons for assigning the essays rather than using prejudicial personal insults.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},613194,1792384937,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Name:   Date:   Class:    \nAd Hominem Arguments  \nLogical fallacies are errors in logical reasoning. Logical fallacies are any and all arguments in which the premise (or basis) for the conclusion does not have enough support.  \nOne of the most common types of logical fallacy is the ad hominem argument. Ad hominem is Latin for “to the man” or “to the person.” It means that instead of a listener/reader rejecting an argument itself, the reader/listener rejects the person making the argument (usually based on something that is completely irrelevant) . It might help to think of it as a “shoot the messenger” conclusion or rebuttal (a rebuttal is response to an argument or a conclusion) .  \nAd hominem argument:  \nStudent: “This is too much homework.”  \nTeacher: “Students always think that any amount of homework is too much homework.”  \nStudent: “But making us write a ten-page paper every week is mean. It takes at least 20 hours to write each one!”  \nTeacher: “You’re just saying that because you’re lazy. You spend more than 20 hours a week just watching TV.”  \nWhy?  \nThe amount of homework for the class may or may not be an amount most teachers and students would typically consider fair. What makes the teacher’s argument ad hominem is that the teacher never addresses the work itself, but instead focuses on insulting the student (“lazy”) and assuming that the student would otherwise be spending her or his time watching television. The student may or may not be lazy (it is irrelevant); lazy or hardworking, the amount of homework could still be too much for a student to complete. The teacher’s assumption that if it were not for the homework, the student would otherwise be watching television, is likewise an irrelevant rejection of the student’s argument. Logically, the teacher can have no way of knowing for certain what a student does during free time, nor is it necessarily any of the teacher’s business. Furthermore, the student has responded by stating that the teacher is “mean” for assigning the homework. While this statement is not completely irrelevant (it is the student’s assessment of the teacher’s character based on the homework assignment), it is inappropriate in an argument.  \nWhat’s to be done?  \nThe student began this discussion armed with nothing but complaints about “too much work” and the teacher being “mean.”The student may have achieved better results by first, considering logical reasons why the teacher might be assigning so much work, and offering reasons why the work is overwhelming. For example: “I understand that you are having us do a lot of writing to prepare us for the state tests. However, I’ve discussed this with several classmates, and we are all spending at least 20 hours a week on this. We don’t get home until 5:00 P. M. , and have to be in bed by 10:00 P. M. in order to get eight hours’ worth of sleep. This leaves us only five hours to complete our homework, eat, bathe, and spend time with our families; and that’s not even including those who play sports or are in clubs. The most any of us can handle is three hours’worth of homework every night, and that is from every class combined.” In this example, the student has raised logical arguments and has not attacked the teacher personally. The student might do well to follow this with a suggestion, such as:“Perhaps you could assign fewer papers, and maybe give us time during class to work on them.” Even better, the student could finish with: “We all enjoy this class and appreciate that you are so concerned with having us pass the state tests.”  \nThe teacher should not have assumed that the student is lazy, nor should the teacher presume to know how the student spends her or his free time. Rather than rebut the student using prejudicial insults, the teacher could have gotten a more satisfactory response by explaining her or his reasons for assigning so many essays. For example: “The state test is coming up. Looking at the papers so far, hardly anyone can write on","cbCainGbKOiBvU7c","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainGbKOiBvU7c","pdf",223431,"English","# Ad Hominem Arguments\n## Definition and core idea\n## Example: teacher vs. student\n## Why it fails logically\n## What to do instead\n## Communication strategies and exercise","[{\"question\":\"What is an ad hominem argument?\",\"answer\":\"An ad hominem argument rejects or attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument or the premise itself.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the teacher’s response count as ad hominem?\",\"answer\":\"The teacher never addresses whether the homework amount is fair; instead, the teacher insults the student as “lazy” and assumes how the student spends free time.\"},{\"question\":\"How can the student and teacher respond more effectively?\",\"answer\":\"The student should present logical reasons about workload, sleep time, and feasibility, and suggest concrete changes. The teacher should explain reasons for assigning the essays rather than using prejudicial personal insults.\"}]","Ad Hominem Arguments - Logical Fallacies Explained | PDF"]