[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-461560-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-461560-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-patients-with-intracerebral-hemorrhage","Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage","","Retrospective single-center cohort research quantified the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the era of lung-protective ventilation and identified associated risk factors. Adults with acute spontaneous ICH admitted to intensive care units from 1 March 2015 to 28 February 2018 were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Among 269 patients, ARDS occurred in 6.7% overall and 10% among invasively ventilated patients. Hypoxemia severity on initial arterial blood gas and total ventilation duration correlated with ARDS, and in intubated patients younger age increased risk.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-patients-with-intracerebral-hemorrhage/461560/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-patients-with-intracerebral-hemorrhage/461560.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"kopisore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What was the main aim of this study?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"To determine the incidence of ARDS following intracerebral hemorrhage in the lung-protective ventilation era and to examine risk factors associated with ARDS after ICH.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How many patients were included, and what was the ARDS incidence?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"The study included 269 patients. Overall ARDS incidence was 6.7% (18/269) and 10% (16/155) among invasively ventilated patients.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which factors were associated with ARDS in the ICH population?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Severity of hypoxemia on the initial arterial blood gas and total minutes of mechanical ventilation were associated with ARDS diagnosis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},461560,1790795279,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":123,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Article  \nAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage  \nThomas Christianson 1, Terry Nowell 1, Jay B. Lusk 2,3, Anna C. Covington 4, Wenjing Qi 5, Jordan Komisarow 6, Nazish Hashimi 7, Shreyansh Shah 8, Vijay Krishnamoorthy 7, Yisi Ng 9 and Michael L. James 7,8, *  \nAcademic Editors: Denise Battaglini and Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco  \nReceived: 7 November 2025  \nRevised: 15 December 2025  \nAccepted: 17 December 2025  \nPublished: 26 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA; [tchristianson@mc.utmck.edu](tchristianson@mc.utmck.edu) (T.C.); [tnowell@mc.utmck.edu](tnowell@mc.utmck.edu) (T.N.)  \n2 School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n3 Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA  \n4 Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n5 Department of Biostatistics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n6 Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n7 Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n8 Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA  \n9 Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [yisi.ng@mohh.com.sg](yisi.ng@mohh.com.sg)  \n* [Correspondence: michael.james@duke.edu](Correspondence: michael.james@duke.edu)  \nAbstract  \nIntroduction: Patients with an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been shown to have a high incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) . We aimed to determine the incidence of ARDS following ICH in the era of lung-protective ventilation. We also examined risk factors associated with ARDS following ICH. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults admitted to a single health system’s intensive care units with acute, spontaneous ICH from 1 March 2015 to 28 February 2018, using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of patient characteristics with the diagnosis of ARDS. Results: In total, 269 patients were included, with 155 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The overall incidence of ARDS was 6.7%(18/269), and the incidence in intubated patients was 10%(16/155), as the median time of ventilation with >8 cc/mL of ideal body weight was low. For the entire ICH population, severity of hypoxemia on initial arterial blood gas (ABG; Odds Ratio [OR] per 10 mmHg 0.855 [95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.74–0.987]) and total minutes of mechanical ventilation (OR per 60 min 1.018 [95% CI 1.007–1.029]) were both associated with the diagnosis of ARDS. In intubated patients, ventilation, younger age (OR per 10 years 0.655 [95% CI 0.431–0.997]), and total minutes of mechanical ventilation (OR per 60 min 1.028 [95% CI 1.006–1.049] increased the odds of developing ARDS. Conclusions: ARDS was found to be significantly lower in the present cohort of ICH patients when compared to prior studies, with younger age and hypoxemia associated with an increasing risk.  \nKeywords: cerebral hemorrhage; respiratory distress syndrome; stroke; critical care; respiration  \n1. Introduction  \nIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has an incidence of 24.6 per 100,000 people and the highest mortality rate among all types of stroke [1,2] . ICH is associated with an inflammatory response throughout the body [3], often coupled with the development of  \npulmonary inflammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) . The incidence of ARDS in patients with ICH is reported to be as high as 27%[4,5] . In other forms of brain injury, development of ARDS is associated with worsened clinical outcomes, and prior studies in patients with ICH linked ARDS with","cbCaiszCLQlKiPVp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiszCLQlKiPVp","pdf",810101,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Materials and Methods\n### Study Design and Population","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To determine the incidence of ARDS following intracerebral hemorrhage in the lung-protective ventilation era and to examine risk factors associated with ARDS after ICH.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included, and what was the ARDS incidence?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 269 patients. Overall ARDS incidence was 6.7% (18/269) and 10% (16/155) among invasively ventilated patients.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with ARDS in the ICH population?\",\"answer\":\"Severity of hypoxemia on the initial arterial blood gas and total minutes of mechanical ventilation were associated with ARDS diagnosis.\"}]","Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage | PDF",1790761878,25]