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It defines AKI as a sudden and often reversible loss of renal function, developing over days or weeks, typically accompanied by reduced urine volume. The text highlights that AKI affects approximately 7% of hospitalized patients and 20% of acutely ill patients. The etiology and pathophysiology of AKI are explored, with a specific focus on prerenal causes, which account for about 60% of AKI cases. Prerenal causes are detailed to include conditions leading to decreased renal perfusion, such as hypovolemia (resulting from hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, diuretics, dehydration, hypercalcemia), hypotension (due to sepsis, cardiogenic shock, anaphylactic shock), decreased circulating volume, cardiorenal syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, abdominal compartment syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, acute pancreatitis, and renal artery stenosis. Additionally, drugs affecting glomerular perfusion, including cyclosporine, tacrolimus, NSAIDs, and ACE inhibitors, are listed as potential contributors. The document also includes a visual representation of renal hemodynamics and autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), illustrating how ACE inhibitors/ARBs may significantly impact GFR, especially in cases of bilateral renal artery stenosis or intravascular volume depletion.",{"@graph":69,"@context":99},[70,84],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acute-kidney-injury/25375",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"author":86,"headline":65,"publisher":89,"fileFormat":92,"description":67,"dateModified":93,"datePublished":93,"encodingFormat":92,"isAccessibleForFree":94,"interactionStatistic":95},"DigitalDocument",{"name":87,"@type":88},"Aurora","Person",{"url":74,"name":90,"@type":91},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-05-07",true,{"@type":96,"interactionType":97,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":98},"ViewAction","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":101,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":90,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":103,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":105,"site_id":62},25375,1778192394,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":108},{"doc_id":105,"user_id":109,"nickname":87,"user_avatar":110,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":66,"file_id":111,"file_url":112,"file_type":113,"file_size":114,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":115,"language":116,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":66,"faqs":66,"seo_title":117,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":106,"read_time":118},4810365810221,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","cbCaiabpDQ6i7XdQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiabpDQ6i7XdQ","pdf",2246831,75,"English","Acute Kidney Injury | PDF",189]