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A 13-month-old girl developed a rapidly progressive rash after a brief febrile illness, with sharply demarcated targetoid purpura and mild lip erosions plus shallow oral ulceration. She remained systemically well, and labs were reassuring without renal, gastrointestinal, or hematologic involvement. Diagnosis was made clinically and managed conservatively, with complete mucosal resolution and marked skin improvement within one week, supporting avoidance of unnecessary biopsy and providing caregiver reassurance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acute-hemorrhagic-edema-of-infancy-with-targetoid-purpura-and-mild-mucosal-involvement-case-report/454897/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/acute-hemorrhagic-edema-of-infancy-with-targetoid-purpura-and-mild-mucosal-involvement-case-report/454897.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"AHEI is a rare leukocytoclastic vasculitis marked by sudden purpuric and targetoid lesions with edema in young children.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the diagnosis of AHEI determined in this case?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Based on the characteristic clinical presentation and benign course, a diagnosis of AHEI was made clinically and a skin biopsy was not pursued.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What non-skin involvement occurred, and what were the lab findings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Mild lip erosions and shallow oral ulceration were present, while the patient remained systemically well. Laboratory investigations showed reassuring results without renal, gastrointestinal, or hematologic involvement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},454897,1790996085,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Review began 12/20/2025  \nReview ended 01/02/2026  \nPublished 01/07/2026  \n© Copyright 2026  \nAl-Rusheidi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CCBY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.100998  \nOpen Access Case Report  \nAcute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy With  \nTargetoid Purpura and Mild Mucosal Involvement  \nIman H. Al-Rusheidi 1 , Amany A. Mansour 2  \n1. Department of Dermatology, Al Musanaah Extended Health Center, Al Musanaah, OMN 2. Department of Pediatrics, Al Musanaah Extended Health Center, Al Musanaah, OMN  \nCorresponding author: Iman H. Al-Rusheidi, [i.rusheidi87@gmail.com](i.rusheidi87@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nAcute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a rare leukocytoclastic vasculitis characterized by the abrupt onset of purpuric and targetoid lesions with edema in young children. A 13-month-old previously healthy girl presented with a rapidly progressive rash involving the face, trunk, and extremities following a brief febrile illness. Cutaneous examination revealed sharply demarcated purpuric papules and plaques with targetoid configuration and central duskiness, accompanied by mild lip erosions and shallow oral ulceration. The patient remained systemically well, and laboratory investigations were reassuring, with no evidence of renal, gastrointestinal, or hematologic involvement. Based on the characteristic clinical presentation and benign course, a diagnosis of AHEI was made, and a skin biopsy was not pursued. The patient was managed conservatively with supportive care. At one-week follow-up, the mucosal lesions had resolved completely, and the purpuric eruption had markedly improved. This case illustrates a classic presentation of AHEI with mild mucosal involvement and highlights key clinical features that aid in distinguishing it from other targetoid eruptions, allowing avoidance of unnecessary investigations and reassurance of caregivers.  \nCategories: Pediatrics, Dermatology  \nKeywords: acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, mucosal involvement, pediatric dermatology, purpura, targetoid lesions, vasculitis  \nIntroduction  \nPurpuric eruptions in infants often prompt urgent evaluation because of concern for serious infectious, hematologic, or vasculitic conditions. Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an uncommon but distinctive leukocytoclastic vasculitis that typically affects children between four and 24 months of age and is characterized by the sudden appearance of purpuric plaques, targetoid lesions, and localized edema, most commonly involving the face and extremities [1,2] .  \nDespite its alarming clinical appearance, AHEI follows a benign, self-limited course, with spontaneous resolution usually occurring within one to three weeks [1,3] . Antecedent respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, medications, and vaccinations have frequently been reported [1,3,4]. Systemic involvement is rare, which helps distinguish AHEI from Henoch-Schönlein purpura, which more commonly presents with renal, gastrointestinal, or joint manifestations [5] .  \nAlthough mucosae are usually spared, lips or oral mucosa may rarely be involved, complicating the differential diagnosis. This may raise concern for erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or Mycoplasma-associated mucositis [6,7] . We report a classic case of AHEI with mild mucosal involvement and discuss key features that support clinical diagnosis without the need for biopsy.  \nCase Presentation  \nA 13-month-old previously healthy girl presented with a four-day history of a rapidly progressive rash involving the face, trunk, and extremities. The eruption was preceded by a low-grade fever and mild upper respiratory symptoms one day earlier. There was no recent medication use, vaccination, or travel history. The rash was painless and non-pruritic.  \nOn exami","cbCaisPo4PG1aKKl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisPo4PG1aKKl","pdf",1787329,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Case Presentation\n## Clinical presentation\n## Laboratory evaluation\n# How to cite this article\n# Figure 1","[{\"question\":\"What is acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI)?\",\"answer\":\"AHEI is a rare leukocytoclastic vasculitis marked by sudden purpuric and targetoid lesions with edema in young children.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the diagnosis of AHEI determined in this case?\",\"answer\":\"Based on the characteristic clinical presentation and benign course, a diagnosis of AHEI was made clinically and a skin biopsy was not pursued.\"},{\"question\":\"What non-skin involvement occurred, and what were the lab findings?\",\"answer\":\"Mild lip erosions and shallow oral ulceration were present, while the patient remained systemically well. Laboratory investigations showed reassuring results without renal, gastrointestinal, or hematologic involvement.\"}]","Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy With Targetoid Purpura and Mild Mucosal Involvement - case report | PDF",1790741668,15]