[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-390021-en":59,"doc-seo-390021-105":82},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":72,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":73,"language":74,"language_code":75,"site_id":76,"html_lang":75,"table_of_contents":77,"faqs":78,"seo_title":79,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":80,"read_time":81,"preview_page_count":4},390021,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Actuarial Formula Cheat Sheet - Actuarial Revision Sheet","Actuarial Formula Cheat Sheet compiles core actuarial science and econometrics topics with a focus on insurance economics and risk analysis. It covers fundamental insurance notions—life versus non-life—as well as insurance principles such as utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, subrogation, and loss prevention. It summarizes insurance policy structure, premium and claims concepts (pure/net/gross, written/earned/unearned, S/P ratio), claims payment triangles by accident and development years, and Solvency II’s three-pillar risk governance framework. It also lists related quantitative tools including GLM, copulas, stochastic methods, and machine learning.","Actuarial Formula Cheat Sheet My Actuarial Revision Sheet  \nMaster in Insurance Economics/Econometrics Master in Actuarial Science  \nSeptember 17, 2026  \nActuarial Sciences  \nPremiums  \nReserves  \nSolvency  \nReinsurance  \nERM  \nProgramming Info  \nManagement  \nLaw  \nFinancial Math  \nYield Curves  \nPortfolio Management  \nAssets Liabilities  \nDerivatives  \nSecuritisation  \nProba & Stat  \nGLM  \nExtremes Theory  \nCopulas  \nMachine Learning  \nStochastics  \n\n| \u003Cbr>Econometrics\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>| |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | |\n|  | |\n|  | |\n|  |  |\n\nTime Series  \nSpatial  \nEconomy  \nRisk Economics  \nDemography  \nLife  \nNon-Life  \nHealth  \nInsurance Keywords  \n1 – Life and Non-Life Insurance  \nThe distinction between life and non-life insurance is fundamental. An insurer cannot offer both types of insurance without holding two separate companies:  \n• Life insurance, i.e., personal insurance excluding coverage for bodily injuries.  \n• Non-life insurance, which includes property and liability insurance as well as insurance for bodily injuries.  \n2 – The Principles of Insurance  \nInsurance is assumed to:  \n• be based on utmost good faith,  \n• apply only if the insured has an insurable interest in preserving the item (property insurance),  \n• operate under the indemnity principle:  \n– not allow enrichment from a claim settlement,  \n– not even through insurance accumulation,  \n– include subrogation (in Liability Insurance, if the insurer compensates the insured victim, the insured cannot then claim from the party responsible for the loss) .  \n• not reduce the insured’s efforts in prevention and protection, as a reasonable person, even if financially protected.  \nestablish the causal link in accident in Civil Responsibility, whois not responsible if he or she does not contribute to the cause of the accident.  \n3 – The Insurance Policy  \nThe insurance policy (or contract) is the contractual document that governs the relationship between the insurance company (or mutual insurance company) and the insured (policyholder) . This contract defines in particular:  \n1. the list of covered events, including any exclusions,  \n2. the coverage, i.e., the assistance provided to the insured incase of a loss,  \n3. the obligations of the insured:  \n• any preventive measures required to reduce risk,• time limits for reporting a claim to the insurer,  \n• the amount and payment conditions of the premium (deductible, limit),  \n• the conditions for cancellation of the policy (automatic renewal),  \n4. the obligations of the insurance company: time limits for compensation payments.  \n4 – The Premium and Claims  \nClassically, the role of the insurer is to substitute a constant C , the contribution or the premium, for a random claim S. Pure premium or technical premium aims to compensate claims without surplus or profit, overall C = E [S]  \nThe net premium is higher than the pure premium. It aims to cover the cost of claims and provide a safety margin.  \nThe gross premium is the net premium + overhead expenses + commissions + expected profits + taxes.  \nFor commercial reasons, the premium actually charged may differ significantly from the technical premium.  \nWritten premium: premium charged to the insured to cover claims that may occur during the coverage period defined by the contract (generally 1 year in Property and Casualty insurance) . Earned premium: proportion of the written premium used to cover the risk over the exposure period of one policy year.  \nWritten premium 600e  \nEarned 300e Unearned 300e  \nReserved for the period 2026  \nThe S/P ratio is the key indicator. For the insurer to make a profit, S/P must be much less than 1 .  \n5 – Loss / Payment Triangle  \nInsurance accounting is broken down by the accident year of the claim. If a premium covers multiple calendar years, a proportional part will be allocated to each. Each payment and each claim reserving is assigned to the accident year. The monitoring of payments or expenses is expressed through a triangle (triangula","cbCaidQB519x388I","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidQB519x388I","pdf",1214013,23,41,"English","en",105,"# Insurance Keywords\n## Life and Non-Life Insurance\n## The Principles of Insurance\n## The Insurance Policy\n## The Premium and Claims\n## Loss / Payment Triangle\n## Solvency II and Risk Management\n## Main Branches of Life and Non-Life Insurance","[{\"question\":\"What is the fundamental difference between life and non-life insurance in this sheet?\",\"answer\":\"Life insurance is described as personal insurance excluding coverage for bodily injuries, while non-life insurance includes property and liability insurance as well as coverage for bodily injuries.\"},{\"question\":\"Which principles define how insurance is assumed to operate?\",\"answer\":\"Insurance is assumed to rely on utmost good faith, require an insurable interest, follow the indemnity principle (no enrichment, including limits via accumulation), include subrogation in liability contexts, and not reduce reasonable efforts for prevention and protection.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Solvency II structure its risk and capital framework?\",\"answer\":\"Solvency II is based on three pillars: quantitative requirements for capital (SCR and MCR plus admissible assets), governance/internal control/risk management with ERM and ORSA, and market discipline via transparency tools like SFCR, RSR, and quantitative reporting (QRTs).\"}]","Actuarial Formula Cheat Sheet - Actuarial Revision Sheet | PDF",1790329237,103,{"code":4,"msg":83,"data":84},"ok",{"site_id":76,"language":75,"slug":85,"title":65,"keywords":86,"description":66,"schema_data":87,"social_meta":141,"head_meta":143,"extra_data":145,"updated_unix":146},"actuarial-formula-cheat-sheet-actuarial-revision-sheet","",{"@graph":88,"@context":140},[89,103,123],{"@type":90,"itemListElement":91},"BreadcrumbList",[92,96,98,101],{"item":93,"name":94,"@type":95,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":97,"name":9,"@type":95,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":99,"name":20,"@type":95,"position":100},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":102,"name":65,"@type":95,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/actuarial-formula-cheat-sheet-actuarial-revision-sheet/390021/",{"url":102,"name":65,"@type":104,"image":105,"author":110,"headline":65,"publisher":112,"fileFormat":115,"inLanguage":75,"description":66,"dateModified":116,"datePublished":117,"encodingFormat":115,"isAccessibleForFree":118,"interactionStatistic":119},"DigitalDocument",{"url":106,"@type":107,"width":108,"height":109},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/actuarial-formula-cheat-sheet-actuarial-revision-sheet/390021.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":111},"Person",{"url":93,"name":113,"@type":114},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":120,"interactionType":121,"userInteractionCount":72},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":122},"ViewAction",{"@type":124,"mainEntity":125},"FAQPage",[126,132,136],{"name":127,"@type":128,"acceptedAnswer":129},"What is the fundamental difference between life and non-life insurance in this sheet?","Question",{"text":130,"@type":131},"Life insurance is described as personal insurance excluding coverage for bodily injuries, while non-life insurance includes property and liability insurance as well as coverage for bodily injuries.","Answer",{"name":133,"@type":128,"acceptedAnswer":134},"Which principles define how insurance is assumed to operate?",{"text":135,"@type":131},"Insurance is assumed to rely on utmost good faith, require an insurable interest, follow the indemnity principle (no enrichment, including limits via accumulation), include subrogation in liability contexts, and not reduce reasonable efforts for prevention and protection.",{"name":137,"@type":128,"acceptedAnswer":138},"How does Solvency II structure its risk and capital framework?",{"text":139,"@type":131},"Solvency II is based on three pillars: quantitative requirements for capital (SCR and MCR plus admissible assets), governance/internal control/risk management with ERM and ORSA, and market discipline via transparency tools like SFCR, RSR, and quantitative reporting (QRTs).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":102,"og:type":142,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":113,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":144,"canonical":102},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":76},1790528108]