[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-370489-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-370489-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","acls-pharmacology-2011-guidelines","ACLS Pharmacology - 2011 Guidelines","","2011 ACLS Pharmacology guidelines provide concise, clinical decision-focused dosing and usage notes for key emergency cardiovascular drugs. It outlines indications such as tachyarrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation, bradycardias, and specific toxicologic or physiologic contexts, with accompanying mechanisms of action and stepwise administration recommendations. Additional cautions address contraindications, rhythm exclusions (e.g., atrial fibrillation/flutter), half-life considerations, pregnancy safety, and interactions such as theophylline or caffeine. Coverage includes adenosine, amiodarone, atropine, epinephrine, calcium chloride, dopamine, lidocaine, magnesium sulfate, morphine sulfate, and nitroglycerine.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acls-pharmacology-2011-guidelines/370489/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/acls-pharmacology-2011-guidelines/370489.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"percent12345","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Which drugs are recommended for tachyarrhythmias suspected to be reentry?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Adenosine is effective for reentry arrhythmias and is used for narrow complex tachycardias or wide complex tachycardias that may be supraventricular. Amiodarone can also be used for supraventricular tachycardia and is indicated for refractory ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What is the ACLS guidance for atropine use during bradycardia and cardiac arrest?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Atropine is administered for symptomatic bradycardias and narrow complex heart blocks. It is not longer recommended for bradycardia PEA or asystole; for bradycardia with a pulse, give 0.5–1 mg, and for cardiac arrest give 1 mg, repeated every 3–5 minutes up to a maximum of 3 mg.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What key precautions are noted for epinephrine and adenosine?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Epinephrine use requires caution because increased cardiac oxygen demand may precipitate acute coronary syndrome in susceptible cardiac patients. Adenosine requires establishing IV access proximally due to its very short half-life, and it should not be used to convert tachycardias due to atrial fibrillation/flutter or for irregular rhythm SVT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},370489,1790219994,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":102,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099529851338,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","ACLS PHARMACOLOGY  \n2011 Guidelines  \nADENOSINE  \nIndications:  \nNarrow complex tachyardias or wide complex tachycardias that may be supraventricular in nature. It is effective in treating 90% of the reentry arrhythmias.  \nMechanism of action:  \nSlows conduction at the AV node and inhibits reentry.  \nDosage:  \nRapid IV push of 6mgs and can be followed by IV push of 12 mgs if unsuccessful and can be followed by an additional 12mg in 5 minutes.  \nAdditional notes:  \nEstablish IV as proximal as possible as adenosine has a very short half-life and may be metabolized before it reaches the heart (especially in a hypotensive patient) . Does not convert tachycardias due to atrial fibrillation and flutter and should not be used for the two rhythms. Safe to use during pregnancy and may require higher doses if with elevated blood levels of theophylline or caffeine. Not to be used in SVT with irregular rhythm (atrial fibrillation).  \nAMIODARONE  \nIndications:  \nRefractory ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia (with and without pulses) . May be used in supraventricular tachycardia as well.  \nMechanism of action:  \nAlpha and beta adrenergic blocking properties. It also has multiple effects on sodium, potassium, and calcium channels.  \nDosage:  \nPulseless-300mgs IV push, can be given as a second dose of 150mgs in 3-5 minutes. Tachy arrhythmias-150mg infused over 10 minutes.  \nAdditional notes:  \nIn short term survival, amiodarone has shown benefits over lidocaine and is now considered the anti arrhythmic of choice.  \nATROPINE  \nIndications:  \nAdministered for symptomatic bradycardias and narrow complex heart blocks. No longer recommended for bradycardia PEA or asystole. It is also used for organophosphate exposure or poisoning.  \nMechanism of action:  \nParasympathetic blocker therefore increases the heart rate by blocking vagal activity.  \nDosage:  \nBradycardia with a pulse dosage is: 0.5-1mg and for cardiac arrest the dosage is: 1mg. May be repeated every 3-5 minutes until a maximum of 3mg has been administered.  \nAdditional notes:  \nSome theorize that it may exacerbate a bradycardia in a patient with a wide complex very slow heart block.  \nEPINEPHRINE  \nIndications:  \nPulseless ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. For all cardiac arrest rhythms epinephrine is given in the bolus form) Symptomatic bradycardia or heart block with bradycardia refractory to atropine (IV infusion)  \nMechanism of action:  \nAlpha, beta 1 and beta 2: causes peripheral vasoconstriction, increases the heart rate and force of contractions (thereby increase oxygen demand), and dilates bronchiole tree.  \nDosage:  \nBolus: 0.5-1mg IV push for cardiac arrest repeated every 3-5 minutes, no maximum dose IV infusion: 1mg added to 250cc of saline and administered at 2-10micrograms/minute  \nAdditional notes:  \nCaution when used in cardiac patients or those with compromised coronary blood vessels as an increase in cardiac oxygen demands may precipitate an acute coronary syndrome (ACS)  \nCALCIUM CHLORIDE  \nIndications:  \nHyperkalemia and overdose on calcium channel blockers  \nMechanism of action:  \nCalcium facilitates muscle cell contractions  \nDosage:  \n4mg/kg slow IV push and higher doses may be needed with calcium channel blocker overdoses.  \nAdditional notes:  \nNo longer used for the treatment of PEA (EMD)  \nDOPAMINE  \nIndications:  \nIs the drug of choice for cardiogenic shock and used for complete heart block if atropine is unsuccessful or if QRS complexes are wide and slow.  \nMechanism of action:  \nDosage:  \n2-20 micrograms/kg/minute and typically start at a dose of 5 mcg/kg/min. In low doses,(2-5 mcg/kg/min), renal effects occur, at 5-10 beta effects, and above 10mcg/kg/min peripheral vasoconstriction occurs from the alpha effects.  \nLIDOCAINE  \nIndications:  \nSignificant ventricular ectopy, ventricular tachycardia and post resuscitation from cardiac ischemia. It may be used before intubation to mini","cbCaihj4Z780aQz0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihj4Z780aQz0","pdf",102692,"English","# Drug Summaries\n## Indications, Mechanisms, Dosage, and Notes","[{\"question\":\"Which drugs are recommended for tachyarrhythmias suspected to be reentry?\",\"answer\":\"Adenosine is effective for reentry arrhythmias and is used for narrow complex tachycardias or wide complex tachycardias that may be supraventricular. Amiodarone can also be used for supraventricular tachycardia and is indicated for refractory ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the ACLS guidance for atropine use during bradycardia and cardiac arrest?\",\"answer\":\"Atropine is administered for symptomatic bradycardias and narrow complex heart blocks. It is not longer recommended for bradycardia PEA or asystole; for bradycardia with a pulse, give 0.5–1 mg, and for cardiac arrest give 1 mg, repeated every 3–5 minutes up to a maximum of 3 mg.\"},{\"question\":\"What key precautions are noted for epinephrine and adenosine?\",\"answer\":\"Epinephrine use requires caution because increased cardiac oxygen demand may precipitate acute coronary syndrome in susceptible cardiac patients. Adenosine requires establishing IV access proximally due to its very short half-life, and it should not be used to convert tachycardias due to atrial fibrillation/flutter or for irregular rhythm SVT.\"}]","ACLS Pharmacology - 2011 Guidelines | PDF",1790188780,15]