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The study compares evolution and workload distribution using perspectives from the 2007 Changing Academic Profession (CAP) study (n=1151) and the 2017 Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society (APIKS) study (n=2968). Results indicate significant workload increases alongside more evaluation of academic activities, with stronger administrative burden on female and senior faculty.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/accountability-measures-in-higher-education-and-academic-workload-aten-year-comparison/595052/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/accountability-measures-in-higher-education-and-academic-workload-aten-year-comparison/595052.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bulrr","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine how faculty workload and the evaluation of academic activities evolved between 2007 and 2017 in the context of accountability measures and increased administrative demands.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data sources are used to analyze workload changes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study relies on Canadian faculty perspectives from the 2007 CAP study (n=1151) and the 2017 APIKS study (n=2968).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings suggest about accountability measures?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Academic workload increased significantly over 10 years while academic activities became more evaluated; administrative burden is perceived as heavier for female and senior faculty, and accountability may increase professors’ administrative burden while shifting authority toward non-academic staff.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595052,1792193091,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Accountability Measures in Higher Education and Academic Workload: ATen-Year Comparison  \nA journal of educational research and practice 2021 Vol. 30 (2) 116-136  \n[https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked](https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked)  \nSilvia Mirlene Nakano Koga* , Alexandre Beaupré-Lavallée, Olivier Bégin-Caouette Université de Montréal  \nAbstract  \nAt the core of New Public Management (NPM) reforms sits the concept of accountability of publicly funded organizations. In Canada, it is suggested that provinces have increased the number of accountability procedures imposed on universities and that those measures would have had an impact on professors’ academic workload. This study discusses the evolution of academic workload and evaluation of professors’ activities over the last decade, as well as the current distribution of academic workload among the university staff. It relies on the Canadian faculty’s perspectives collected through the 2007 Changing Academic Profession (CAP) study ( n = 1151) and the 2017 Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society (APIKS) study ( n = 2968) . Findings suggest that academic workload increased significantly in the  \n10 years that academic activities are significantly more evaluated, although by academics themselves in a smaller proportion, and that the administrative burden lies more heavily on female and senior faculty members. Descriptive statistics and a MANOVA comparing the scores of five variables in 2007 and 2017 suggest that academic workload increased significantly in 10 years, academic activities are significantly more evaluated, although less by academics themselves, female academics report dedicating more time to administrative tasks and being more frequently evaluated, and senior administrative staff and external reviewers are perceived as being more involved in the evaluation of academic activities in 2017 than in 2007. Our interpretation is that accountability measures could increase professors’ administrative burden and grant more authority to non-academic staff.  \nKeywords: accountability, academic workload, academic profession, new public management, Canadian universities  \n* [silvia.mirlene.nakano.koga@umontreal.ca](silvia.mirlene.nakano.koga@umontreal.ca)  \nThe knowledge society has revalued the university and its production as key factors of economic progress. In this new context, university professors have become central both to produce valuable knowledge and to train a highly qualified workforce (Finkelstein & Jones, 2019) . Following World War II , member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) allocated generous funding to universities and technicaleducation institutions to increase access, thus contributing to higher education systems’massification and, in some cases, universalization. However, during the late 1970s and the 1980s, economic crises put pressure on public purses and governments have looked for reforms to preserve welfare while limiting states’ contribution.  \nAround the same period, a managerial paradigm, the New Public Management (NPM), took hold in the public administration and universities with the implementation of accountability measures aimed at increasing institutional efficiency and faculty performance, and justifying their use of public funds. These measures have impacted institutional differentiation and governance, tuition fees and students’ role within institutions, and have been perceived to challenge academics, such as traditions of institutional autonomy , collegiality (Marini & Reale, 2016) and academic freedom (Marginson, 2009), as well as the traditional ethos of the academic profession (Enders et al. , 2009) . Studies also suggest that NPM has focused on the transformations of academic life, highlighting the individual strategies to adapt to accountability measures (Gonzales, 2012; Hall & Ferris, 2011) .  \nRelying on the perspectives of Canadian professors, the objective of this ","cbCainQeZnPXyu5y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainQeZnPXyu5y","pdf",668057,21,"English","# Abstract\n## Accountability and the academic workload evolution (2007 vs 2017)\n## Conceptual framework\n## New Public Management and higher education","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine how faculty workload and the evaluation of academic activities evolved between 2007 and 2017 in the context of accountability measures and increased administrative demands.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data sources are used to analyze workload changes?\",\"answer\":\"The study relies on Canadian faculty perspectives from the 2007 CAP study (n=1151) and the 2017 APIKS study (n=2968).\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about accountability measures?\",\"answer\":\"Academic workload increased significantly over 10 years while academic activities became more evaluated; administrative burden is perceived as heavier for female and senior faculty, and accountability may increase professors’ administrative burden while shifting authority toward non-academic staff.\"}]","Accountability Measures in Higher Education and Academic Workload - ATen-Year Comparison | PDF",1792080345,53]