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It outlines the law before January 2019, clarifies effective dates, and details the amended felony-murder rule, including key exceptions. The discussion further covers elimination of natural and probable consequences, related issues for accomplices and jury findings, and eligibility, filing, and procedures for resentencing under § 1172.6.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/accomplice-liability-for-murder-penal-code-188-189-and-11726-april-2023/148765/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/accomplice-liability-for-murder-penal-code-188-189-and-11726-april-2023/148765.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What sections and bills does the memorandum focus on?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It focuses on California Penal Code §§ 188, 189, and 1172.6, with amendments created by SB 1437 and SB 775.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does SB 1437 change the felony-murder rule for accomplices?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It amends the felony-murder rule and adds exceptions tied to whether the defendant is the actual killer, aided the killing, or was a major participant acting with reckless indifference, among other specified exceptions.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What does § 1172.6 require for a person to seek resentencing?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The memorandum covers eligibility, timing and filing period, conditions for relief, petition form and content, filing and service, assignment of a judicial officer, and the procedures for review and a hearing on the merits.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},148765,1787784387,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","ACCOMPLICE LIABILITY FOR MURDER Penal Code §§ 188, 189, and 1172.6 (SB 1437 and SB 775)  \nJ. RICHARD COUZENS  \nJudge of the Superior Court County of Placer (Ret.)  \nApril 2023  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nI. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 5  \nII. LAW PRIOR TO JANUARY 2019 .................................................................................. 6  \nA. First degree felony murder ..................................................................................... 6  \nB. Second degree felony murder ................................................................................ 7  \nC. Doctrine of natural and probable consequences ................................................... 7  \nIII. EFFECTIVE DATES OF SB 1437 AND SB 775 .................................................................. 8  \nA. Effective date of resentencing provisions created by SB 1437 .............................. 8  \nB. The application of Estrada to persons sentenced prior to January 1, 2019........... 9  \nC. Application of SB 775 to cases not final as of January 1, 2022............................... 9  \nIV. THE FELONY-MURDER RULE AS AMENDED BY SB 1437............................................ 11  \nA. New felony-murder rule ....................................................................................... 11  \nB. Exceptions to new rule ......................................................................................... 12  \n1. Defendant is the actual killer (§ 189, subd. (e)(1)) ......................................... 12  \n2. Defendant is not the killer, but aided the killing (§ 189, subd. (e)(2)) ........... 14  \n3. Defendant was a major participant in the crime and acted with reckless indifference (§ 189, subd. (e)(3)) .................................................................... 14  \n4. Exception for death of a peace officer (§ 189, subd. (f)) ................................ 18  \nV. ELIMINATION OF THE NATURAL AND PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES DOCTRINE ....... 19  \nA. First degree murder .............................................................................................. 19  \nB. Second degree murder ......................................................................................... 21  \nVI. OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO AMENDMENT OF SECTIONS 188 AND 189................... 23  \nA. Whether SB 1437 eliminates second degree felony murder................................ 23  \nB. The relationship between the felony-murder rule and special circumstance felony-murder enhancement for accomplices.............................. 24  \nC. Special findings by jury ......................................................................................... 25  \nVII. PETITION FOR RESENTENCING (§ 1172.6) ................................................................. 27  \nA. Eligibility for resentencing (§ 1172.6, subd. (a)) ................................................... 27  \n1. Persons currently serving a term for murder, attempted murder or manslaughter.............................................................................................. 27  \n2. Persons who have completed their sentence ................................................ 30  \nB. Filing period; date of conviction ........................................................................... 30  \nC. Cases on appeal .................................................................................................... 30  \nD. Conditions for granting relief (§ 1172.6, subd. (a).) ............................................. 33  \nE. Form and content of the petition (§ 1172.6, subd. (b)(1)) ................................... 34  \nF. Filing and service of the petition (§ 1172.6, subd. (b)(1)) .................................... 35  \nG. Assigned judicial officer (§ 1172.6, subd. (b)(1)) .................................................. 35  \nH. Procedure for the review of the petition and ","cbCaikX1NlEjiK38","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikX1NlEjiK38","pdf",971206,103,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n# LAW PRIOR TO JANUARY 2019\n## First degree felony murder\n## Second degree felony murder\n## Doctrine of natural and probable consequences\n# EFFECTIVE DATES OF SB 1437 AND SB 775\n## Effective date of resentencing provisions created by SB 1437\n## The application of Estrada to persons sentenced prior to January 1, 2019\n## Application of SB 775 to cases not final as of January 1, 2022\n# THE FELONY-MURDER RULE AS AMENDED BY SB 1437\n## New felony-murder rule\n## Exceptions to new rule\n# ELIMINATION OF THE NATURAL AND PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES DOCTRINE\n## First degree murder\n## Second degree murder\n# OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO AMENDMENT OF SECTIONS 188 AND 189\n## Whether SB 1437 eliminates second degree felony murder\n## Relationship between felony-murder rule and special circumstance enhancement\n## Special findings by jury\n# PETITION FOR RESENTENCING (§ 1172.6)","[{\"question\":\"What sections and bills does the memorandum focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on California Penal Code §§ 188, 189, and 1172.6, with amendments created by SB 1437 and SB 775.\"},{\"question\":\"How does SB 1437 change the felony-murder rule for accomplices?\",\"answer\":\"It amends the felony-murder rule and adds exceptions tied to whether the defendant is the actual killer, aided the killing, or was a major participant acting with reckless indifference, among other specified exceptions.\"},{\"question\":\"What does § 1172.6 require for a person to seek resentencing?\",\"answer\":\"The memorandum covers eligibility, timing and filing period, conditions for relief, petition form and content, filing and service, assignment of a judicial officer, and the procedures for review and a hearing on the merits.\"}]","ACCOMPLICE LIABILITY FOR MURDER - Penal Code §§ 188, 189, and 1172.6 - April 2023 | PDF",260]