[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-456312-105":59,"doc-detail-456312-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","access-and-reimbursement-for-artificial-intelligence-in-radiology-taiwans-perspective","Access and Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Taiwan’s Perspective","","Taiwan’s single-payer National Health Insurance model ensures universal coverage through government-set fees, which controls cost and access but limits flexibility for adopting new technologies. The article explains how self-pay services enable patients to access AI-assisted imaging before inclusion in the NHI reimbursement schedule, while Taiwan’s strong digital transformation supports rapid clinical translation. It outlines physician-centered human-in-the-loop implementation, the regulatory pathway requiring TFDA approval and IRB oversight, and national initiatives and tiered payment mechanisms supporting responsible AI adoption.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/access-and-reimbursement-for-artificial-intelligence-in-radiology-taiwans-perspective/456312/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/access-and-reimbursement-for-artificial-intelligence-in-radiology-taiwans-perspective/456312.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does Taiwan’s National Health Insurance affect access to new AI technologies in radiology?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"NHI covers all citizens with government-set fees, which helps control costs and maintain access but reduces flexibility for quickly adopting new technologies. Self-pay services therefore provide a transitional route to use AI-assisted imaging before reimbursement inclusion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What regulatory requirements govern AI use and research in Taiwan’s radiology practice?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Clinical AI use requires approval from the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA), while research use is overseen by Institutional Review Boards. This structure aims to balance innovation with patient safety and accountability.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the purpose of Taiwan’s national AI centers for healthcare?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The centers support responsible AI access by addressing real-world implementation challenges, TFDA regulatory approval, and NHI reimbursement. They include responsible AI governance, external validation with standardized datasets, and clinical impact evaluation using multicenter trials and health technology assessments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},456312,1791292560,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Editorial  \neISSN 2005-8330  \n[https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2025.1620](https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2025.1620)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2025.1620)[Korean J Radiol 2026](Korean J Radiol 2026);[27](27)([1](1))[:1-3](:1-3)  \nAccess and Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Taiwan’s Perspective  \nWen-Jeng Lee1, Chien-Chang Lee2, Ho-Fai Wong3  \n1 Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Department of Information Management, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan  \n3 Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan  \nKeywords: Taiwan; Artificial intelligence; Radiology; National health insurance; Reimbursement  \nTaiwan’s healthcare system operates under a universal, single-payer National Health Insurance (NHI) that  \ncovers every citizen. All medical services are paid under government-set fees, ensuring access and cost control but limiting flexibility for adopting new technologies. Recently, self-pay services have emerged, allowing patients to access advanced innovations—such as artificial intelligence (AI) -assisted imaging—before they are incorporated into the NHI schedule.  \nMeanwhile, Taiwan—often called the “Silicon Island” for its global semiconductor and hardware leadership—has a strong base for digital transformation. Both government and private sectors actively promote AI development and clinical use, fostering rapid translation into practice.  \nWithin this context, AI integration in radiology has accelerated, supported by international vendors and domestic start-ups. This editorial outlines Taiwan’s current experience with AI access and reimbursement and discusses how a physician-centered, human-in-the-loop model can support sustainable implementation.  \nReceived: October 26, 2025 Accepted: October 31, 2025 Corresponding author: Wen-Jeng Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10002, Taiwan  \n• [E-mail: wenjeng@gmail.com](E-mail: wenjeng@gmail.com)  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0)) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nAI ACCESS AND CLINICAL DEPLOYMENT  \nIn Taiwan, the adoption of AI in radiology spans the entire imaging workflow—from image acquisition and reconstruction to segmentation, detection, quantification, treatment planning, and prognostic assessment. Beyond abnormality detection, AI is now viewed as a clinical tool that enhances precision and efficiency.  \nBoth international commercial AI solutions and domestic innovations are widely deployed. Imported applications—such as those used for low-dose CT lung screening, chest radiography, and mammography—have achieved broad clinical acceptance. In parallel, hospital-based research projects often evolve into start-up ventures that commercialize locally developed AI systems. One notable  \nexample is PANCREASaver, an AI model for pancreatic cancer detection developed at National Taiwan University Hospital, which received the 2023 RSNA Margulis Award and is now offered as a self-pay service [1] .  \nAI deployment in Taiwan follows a regulatory framework consistent with international standards: clinical use requires Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) approval, while research use is regulated through Institutional Review Board oversight. This approach maintains both innovation and patient safety, allowing hospitals to implement validated AI solutions efficiently while ensuring accountability and transparency.  \nWith this balanced ecosystem of global technology, local innovation, and clear regulation, Taiwan has achieved rapi","cbCaiemY7vpzhtkb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiemY7vpzhtkb","pdf",100682,"English","# AI ACCESS AND CLINICAL DEPLOYMENT\n# GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE TO PROMOTE RESPONSIBLE AI ACCESS\n# PAYMENT PATHWAYS: A THREE-TIER STRUCTURE","[{\"question\":\"How does Taiwan’s National Health Insurance affect access to new AI technologies in radiology?\",\"answer\":\"NHI covers all citizens with government-set fees, which helps control costs and maintain access but reduces flexibility for quickly adopting new technologies. Self-pay services therefore provide a transitional route to use AI-assisted imaging before reimbursement inclusion.\"},{\"question\":\"What regulatory requirements govern AI use and research in Taiwan’s radiology practice?\",\"answer\":\"Clinical AI use requires approval from the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA), while research use is overseen by Institutional Review Boards. This structure aims to balance innovation with patient safety and accountability.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of Taiwan’s national AI centers for healthcare?\",\"answer\":\"The centers support responsible AI access by addressing real-world implementation challenges, TFDA regulatory approval, and NHI reimbursement. They include responsible AI governance, external validation with standardized datasets, and clinical impact evaluation using multicenter trials and health technology assessments.\"}]","Access and Reimbursement for Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Taiwan’s Perspective | PDF",1790745527]