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The work aims to determine acceptance levels for interactive e-books to support in-class activities and improve activity efficiency. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), IE-BAS is constructed through content and construct validity. Expert review supports content validity, while EFA identifies four factors reflecting cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses; CFA confirms model fit with strong indices. SEM shows behavioral intention is significantly influenced by perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and perceived usefulness, establishing a valid and reliable 20-item scale.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acceptance-scale-of-interactive-e-books-by-secondary-school-students-a-validity-and-reliability-study/603144/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/acceptance-scale-of-interactive-e-books-by-secondary-school-students-a-validity-and-reliability-study/603144.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of IE-BAS in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"IE-BAS is designed to measure secondary school students’ level of acceptance and use of interactive digital e-books as a digital learning resource.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the scale validated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Content validity was supported through expert opinions, and construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which variables significantly affect students’ behavioral intention?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Behavioral intention is significantly affected by perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and perceived usefulness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},603144,1792162325,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Acceptance Scale of Interactive E-Books By Secondary School Students as a Digital Learning Resource: A Validity and Reliability Study  \nÖmer KIRBAŞ1  \nMinistry of National Education  \nFatma DEMİRTAŞ2  \nMinistry of National Education  \nFatih DOĞAN3  \nÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University  \nAlptürk AKÇÖLTEKİN4  \nÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University  \nAbstract  \nThis study aimed to develop a measurement tool to determine the level of acceptance and use of interactive digital e-books by secondary school students. With the acceptance scale towards interactive e-books of secondary school students (IE-BAS), it is envisaged to determine both in-class activities and activity efficiency. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was used as a basis for the development process of IE-BAS. In the study, the scale development process was composed of content and construct validity sections. The content validity of draft IE-BAS is provided by expert opinions. In construct validity studies, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the draft IE-BAS clustered in four factors indicating cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to prove the accuracy of the proposed model in EFA. As a result of CFA, the fit indices for the model-data fit were quite good. Accordingly, the RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI, and RFI value was determined as 0.043, 0.058, 0.924, 0.901, 0.909, 0.966, and 0.892, respectively. Also, the effects of the variables in the 20-item IE-BAS on each other were examined by structural equation modeling (SEM) . Accordingly, the behavioral intention (BI) variable, which shows the behavioral response of the students, is significantly affected by the perceived ease of use (PEU), attitude towards use (UA), and perceived usefulness (PU) variables. The results showed that the developed 20-item productive IE-BAS is a valid and reliable scale to measure secondary school students' acceptance towards interactive e-books as a digital learning environment.  \nKeywords: Validity, reliability, interactive e-book, technology acceptance model  \nDOI: 10.29329/epasr.2023 .631.11  \nSubmitted: 20 November 2022 Accepted: 12 September 2023 Published: 30 December 2023  \n1 Science Teacher, Kocaeli, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0003-2670-7365, [omerkirbas16@gmail.com](omerkirbas16@gmail.com)  \n[2](2 Science Teacher)[ Science Teacher](2 Science Teacher), Canakkale, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0002-8500-7353  \n3 Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0001-5844-8893  \n4 Faculty of Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, ORCID: 0000-0001-6694-1346  \nIntroduction  \nStudents actively develop their potential to have self-control, personality, intelligence, and skills needed by society (Ünveren Kapanadze, 2019) . It is possible to achieve these skills through education. Developing countries argue that education is the most important key to happiness and financial protection in the future (Thut & Adams, 2005). If today's economy is to be named the economy of information and technology, every society aims to develop human resources by including information technologies in every field from education to health, and to try to gain a place for themselves by putting lifelong education in the forefront (Arı, 2010). Information and communication technologies, which are thought to be at the center of technological developments with globalization, are now an indication that the society we live in is an information society (Yılmaz & Horzum, 2005) . The increase in the production of information and the development of technology has brought innovations in accessing information. The developments experienced especially in the internet and computer technologies have affected the field of education as well as every field,(Odabaş, 2003), and even education and technology have become unthinkable independently of each other (Saklan & Cezmi, 2018) . It is called the integration of technol","cbCaip9PxC9OK7NM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip9PxC9OK7NM","pdf",665523,36,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n## Technology integration in education\n## The role of interactive e-books","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of IE-BAS in this study?\",\"answer\":\"IE-BAS is designed to measure secondary school students’ level of acceptance and use of interactive digital e-books as a digital learning resource.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the scale validated?\",\"answer\":\"Content validity was supported through expert opinions, and construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).\"},{\"question\":\"Which variables significantly affect students’ behavioral intention?\",\"answer\":\"Behavioral intention is significantly affected by perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, and perceived usefulness.\"}]","Acceptance Scale of Interactive E-Books By Secondary School Students - A Validity and Reliability Study | PDF",1792095786,91]