[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-134844-en":3,"doc-seo-134844-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},134844,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",7,"Healthcare","Accelerometer-based detection of African swine fever infection in wild boar","Infectious wildlife diseases circulating between wild and domestic animals create major threats worldwide and require rapid early detection. Animal tracking can reveal behavioural changes, but it is rarely used to monitor wildlife disease onset. This study tested whether accelerometer sensors can detect African swine fever (ASF) in wild boar, using an experiment in which 12 boars were tagged to quantify activity patterns and dynamic body acceleration during progression. Activity dropped daily by 10–20% from healthy to viremia. Change point statistics and comparisons across semi-free and free-ranging conditions identified disease-induced sickness onset, enabling early detection in natural settings. Accelerometer-based sentinel monitoring offers a practical complementary tool for surveillance and control.","[royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb](royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb)  \nResearch   \nCite this article: Morelle K et al. 2023 Accelerometer-based detection of African swine fever infection in wild boar. Proc. R. Soc. B 290: 20231396 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1396](https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1396)  \nReceived: 21 June 2023  \nAccepted: 31 July 2023  \nSubject Category: Behaviour  \nSubject Areas:  \nbehaviour, biological applications, health and disease and epidemiology  \nKeywords:  \nwildlife disease monitoring, animal sentinel, wild boar, African swine fever, biosignal  \nAuthor for correspondence: Kevin Morelle  \ne-mail: [morelle.k@gmail.com](morelle.k@gmail.com)  \nElectronic supplementary material is available online at [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare). c.6778105.  \nAccelerometer-based detection of African swine fever infection in wild boar  \n\n| Kevin Morelle1,2, Jose Angel Barasona3, Jaime Bosch3, Georg Heine1, Andreas Daim5, Janosch Arnold6, Toralf Bauch6, Aleksandra Kosowska3, Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández3, Marta Martinez Aviles4, Daniel Zuñiga1, Martin Wikelski1,7, Jose Manuel Vizcaino-Sanchez3 and Kamran Safi1 |\n| --- |\n| 1Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Radolfzell, Germany 2Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czech Republic\u003Cbr>3VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain\u003Cbr>4Animal Health Research Centre (CISA, INIA-CSIC), 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain\u003Cbr>5Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management (BOKU), Vienna, Austria\u003Cbr>6Agricultural Centre Baden-Württemberg, Wildlife Research Unit, Aulendorf, Germany\u003Cbr>7Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany  KM, 0000-0001-9041-6541 |\n| Infectious wildlife diseases that circulate at the interface with domestic animals pose significant threats worldwide and require early detection and warning. Although animal tracking technologies are used to discern behavioural changes, they are rarely used to monitor wildlife diseases. Common disease-induced behavioural changes include reduced activity and lethargy (‘sickness behaviour’) . Here, we investigated whether accelerometer sensors could detect the onset of African swine fever (ASF), a viral infection that induces high mortality in suids for which no vaccine is currently available. Taking advantage of an experiment designed to test an oral ASF vaccine, we equipped 12 wild boars with an accelerometer tag and quantified how ASF affects their activity pattern and behavioural fingerprint, using overall dynamic body acceleration. Wild boars showed a daily reduction in activity of 10 20% from the healthy to the viremia phase. Using change point statistics and comparing healthy individuals living in semi-free and free-ranging conditions, we show how the onset of diseaseinduced sickness can be detected and how such early detection could work in natural settings. Timely detection of infection in animals is crucial for disease surveillance and control, and accelerometer technology on sentinel animals provides a viable complementary tool to existing disease management approaches. |\n| 1. Introduction\u003Cbr>Wildlife infectious diseases threaten livestock production, the global market and human health [1] . To reduce the threat of a spillover to humans or livestock, timely detection of diseases circulating in wildlife is required to take rapid action. Current approaches to monitoring infectious wildlife diseases are largely based on surveillance programmes that rely on the collection of animal carcasses to detect pathogens in a particular area [2] . Depending on the trigger to take samples, these surveillance programmes can take a passive (also ","cbCainunTjbMq9UK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainunTjbMq9UK","pdf",693976,6,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Surveillance challenges and need for early detection\n## Sentinel surveillance approach","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate regarding African swine fever detection?\",\"answer\":\"It examines whether accelerometer sensors can detect the onset of African swine fever infection in wild boar by identifying changes in activity and behavioural signatures.\"},{\"question\":\"How were accelerometer tags used in the experiment?\",\"answer\":\"Twelve wild boars were equipped with an accelerometer tag to quantify how ASF affects their activity pattern and dynamic body acceleration across disease progression.\"},{\"question\":\"What behavioural change was observed as infection progressed?\",\"answer\":\"Wild boars showed a daily reduction in activity of about 10–20% when moving from the healthy phase to the viremia phase.\"}]","Accelerometer-based detection of African swine fever infection in wild boar | PDF",1787300308,25,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"accelerometer-based-detection-of-african-swine-fever-infection-in-wild-boar","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/accelerometer-based-detection-of-african-swine-fever-infection-in-wild-boar/134844/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-26","2026-08-21",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What does the study investigate regarding African swine fever detection?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"It examines whether accelerometer sensors can detect the onset of African swine fever infection in wild boar by identifying changes in activity and behavioural signatures.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How were accelerometer tags used in the experiment?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Twelve wild boars were equipped with an accelerometer tag to quantify how ASF affects their activity pattern and dynamic body acceleration across disease progression.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What behavioural change was observed as infection progressed?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"Wild boars showed a daily reduction in activity of about 10–20% when moving from the healthy phase to the viremia phase.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,116,119,124,129,132,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},40,"healthcare",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":134},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]