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The brief reviews renewed debates in Europe and the United States, linking pressures on governance, free speech, and political controversy to democracy and the rule of law. It argues that democracies and higher education quality depend on these freedoms, while noting that institutional autonomy does not automatically ensure academic freedom and that quality standards and regulations raise complex questions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/academic-freedom-and-institutional-autonomy-for-democracy-and-quality/583599/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/academic-freedom-and-institutional-autonomy-for-democracy-and-quality/583599.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are academic freedom and institutional autonomy considered fundamental in higher education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They are described as among the fundamental values of higher education and as underpinning the European Higher Education Area, linking them to democracy and to the quality of higher education and research.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the debate differ between Europe and the United States?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The focus is said to be on institutional autonomy in Europe, while the United States debate centers more on academic freedom, reflecting different roles of public authorities and differing legal and political dynamics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does institutional autonomy guarantee academic freedom within an institution?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The brief states that a higher education institution may have a degree of institutional autonomy without fostering academic freedom inside the institution.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},583599,1792885670,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","March 2020 | Number 15  \nPolicy Brief  \nACADEMIC FREEDOM AND INSTITUTIONAL  \nAUTONOMY — FOR DEMOCRACY AND QUALITY  \nSjur Bergan, Head of Education Department, Council of Europe  \nAcademic freedom and institutional autonomy are among the fundamental values of higher education. In Europe, they underpin the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), which was established in 1999, a decade after the  \nlaunch of the profound changes in central and eastern Europe and slightly over two decades after the adoption of the Magna Charta Universitatum. While there was agreement that academic freedom and institutional autonomy are essential, there was relatively little discussion of what they entail. They were taken for granted, as was democracy.  \nDiscussions about academic freedom and institutional autonomy have resurged over the past few years, as concerns about the state of democracy have increased. The forced relocation of the Central European University from Budapest to Wien as a result of the changes to the Hungarian higher education legislation known as Lex CEU is the best-known example, but other violations are easy to identify. At system level, the 2018 Bologna Implementation Report points to Turkey, Russia, and Hungary (p. 42) .  \nIn the United States, concern about academic freedom and institutional autonomy is also on the rise. These partly coincide with concerns about the state of democracy and the rule of law under the current administration but also antedate these.  \nIn Europe, the focus of the debate has been on institutional autonomy, while in the United States it has been on academic freedom.  \nThis difference can partly be explained by the fact that public authorities have a more important role in setting higher education policy in most European countries than they do in the United States. This can nevertheless not be the only explanation. Free speech has solid roots in both the United States and in many parts of Europe, but while thereis agreement in principle that the right to free speech cannot be without limits, U. S. courts seem more reluctant to impose such limits. The focus on “political correctness”in the United States can possibly be a part of the explanation. One important reason why academic freedom is a very topical issue in the United States is the claim by“alt right” groups that they have a right to present their views on campus. Even if the extreme right seems to be on the rise also in Europe, there have been fewer cases in  \nwhich demands for “free speech”(rather than academic freedom) have been translated into demands for using campuses as platforms for expressing far-right views. Not all cases have involved the far right, however. Mainstream conservative speakers have also been targeted, and in some cases attempts to deny speakers a platform on campus have been tinged with anti-Semitism.  \nThe different approaches on both sides of the Atlantic as well as the salience of academic  \n“Even if academic freedom and institutional autonomy are often seen as two sides of the same coin, they are not inextricably linked.”  \nfreedom and institutional autonomy in other parts of the world were the background fora Global Forum on Academic Freedom, Institutional Autonomy, and the Future of Democracy  \nin Strasbourg in June 2019, co-organized by the Council of Europe; the International Consortium for Higher Education, Civic Responsibility and Democracy; the Organization of American States; the Magna Charta Observatory; and the International Association of Universities. The Declaration adopted by participants spells out many of the reasons why academic freedom and institutional autonomy are essential to the future of our societies.  \nThere are two broad arguments in favor of academic freedom and institutional autonomy: (1) Our democracies cannot be democracies without them, and (2) the quality of our higher education and research depends on them. The Strasbourg Declaration further underlines (para. 8) that even if academic ","cbCailfWLBBdCjgR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailfWLBBdCjgR","pdf",402888,"English","# Policy Brief\n## Core Values and the European Higher Education Area\n## Renewed Debate in Europe and the United States\n## Institutional Autonomy vs Academic Freedom\n## Arguments Linking Freedom, Democracy, and Quality","[{\"question\":\"Why are academic freedom and institutional autonomy considered fundamental in higher education?\",\"answer\":\"They are described as among the fundamental values of higher education and as underpinning the European Higher Education Area, linking them to democracy and to the quality of higher education and research.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the debate differ between Europe and the United States?\",\"answer\":\"The focus is said to be on institutional autonomy in Europe, while the United States debate centers more on academic freedom, reflecting different roles of public authorities and differing legal and political dynamics.\"},{\"question\":\"Does institutional autonomy guarantee academic freedom within an institution?\",\"answer\":\"No. The brief states that a higher education institution may have a degree of institutional autonomy without fostering academic freedom inside the institution.\"}]","ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY — FOR DEMOCRACY AND QUALITY | PDF",1792047840]