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This study evaluates ACAA2 as a potential molecular indicator: ACAA2 expression is analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tumor xenografts, tissue microarrays, and patient specimens, with mRNA confirmation in published datasets, showing elevated ACAA2 protein and mRNA in SCNCs.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/acaa2-is-a-novel-molecular-indicator-for-cancers-with-neuroendocrine-phenotype/375670/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/acaa2-is-a-novel-molecular-indicator-for-cancers-with-neuroendocrine-phenotype/375670.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ezra","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main goal of this study on ACAA2?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To determine whether ACAA2 is elevated in small-cell neuroendocrine cancers and can serve as a potential molecular indicator for SCNCs.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was ACAA2 expression measured in this research?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Tumor xenografts, tissue microarrays, and patient tissues were assessed for ACAA2 protein using immunohistochemistry, and ACAA2 mRNA levels were evaluated in published datasets.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What results support ACAA2 as an indicator of SCNCs?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"ACAA2 protein and mRNA levels were higher in SCNCs than non-SCNCs, including medium/high intensity signals across neuroendocrine phenotype samples from both prostate and lung cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},375670,1791087168,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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\nMolecular Diagnostics  \nACAA2 is a novel molecular indicator for cancers with neuroendocrine phenotype  \nMichelle Shen1,2,3, Shiqin Liu1,2,3, Angus Toland4, En-Chi Hsu1,2, Alifiani B. Hartono3, Busola R. Alabi1,2, Merve Aslan 1,2, Holly M. Nguyen5, Conner J. Sessions5, Rosalie Nolley6, Chanjuan Shi7, Jiaoti Huang 7, James D. Brooks2,6, Eva Corey 5 and Tanya Stoyanova3,8 ✉  \n© The Author(s) 2023  \n\n|  | BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine phenotype is commonly associated with therapy resistance and poor prognoses in small-cell neuroendocrine cancers (SCNCs), such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) . Expression levels of current neuroendocrine markers exhibit high case-by-case variability, so multiple markers are used in combination to identify SCNCs. Here, we report that ACAA2 is elevated in SCNCs and is a potential molecular indicator for SCNCs.\u003Cbr>METHODS: ACAA2 expressions in tumour xenografts, tissue microarrays (TMAs), and patient tissues from prostate and lung cancers were analysed via immunohistochemistry. ACAA2 mRNA levels in lung and prostate cancer (PC) patients were assessed in published datasets.\u003Cbr>RESULTS: ACAA2 protein and mRNA levels were elevated in SCNCs relative to non-SCNCs. Medium/high ACAA2 intensity was observed in 78% of NEPC PDXs samples (N = 27) relative to 33% of adeno-CRPC (N = 86), 2% of localised PC (N = 50), and 0% of benign prostate specimens (N = 101) . ACAA2 was also elevated in lung cancer patient tissues with neuroendocrine phenotype. 83% of lung carcinoid tissues (N = 12) and 90% of SCLC tissues (N = 10) exhibited medium/high intensity relative to 40% of lung adenocarcinoma (N = 15) .\u003Cbr>CONCLUSION: ACAA2 expression is elevated in aggressive SCNCs such as NEPC and SCLC, suggesting it is a potential molecular |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| indicator for SCNCs. |  |  |\n|  | British Journal of Cancer (2023) 129:1818–1828; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-023-02448-y](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-023-02448-y) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nNeuroendocrine (NE) phenotype in lung and prostate cancer frequently correlates with an aggressive clinical course, therapy resistance, and widespread metastasis, which contributes to worse clinical outcomes [1, 2] . For instance, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is the most lethal subtype of prostate cancer, and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is also an aggressive, highly lethal subtype of lung cancer [3] . Studies have demonstrated that these small-cell neuroendocrine cancers (SCNCs) from different tissues are more similar to each other than to adenocarcinomas from the same tissue site despite differences in the tissue of origin [4]. They share many histopathological commonalities in morphology, such as high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratios, poorly defined borders, and granular chromatin [1, 5] . SCNCs also share common gene alterations and an expression of a common set of markers, including synaptophysin (SYP), chromogranin A (CHGA), and CD56, suggesting common drivers and transdifferentiating pathways [1, 5, 6] .  \nThe cell of origin of SCNCs remains unclear. Previous studies observed that tumours containing both NE and adenocarcinoma  \nfeatures display an increase of NE phenotype over time during disease progression and the onset of treatment resistance, thereby suggesting that NE transdifferentiation may arise from adenocarcinoma precursors [1, 6, 7] . SCNCs such as NEPC and SCLC can arise from heavily treated adenocarcinoma via cancer’s adaptive response, increased stemness, and lineage plasticity, which enhances therapy resistance [8–10] . For instance, once castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma (adeno-CRPC) gains NE phenotype and advances to NEPC during intensive treat","cbCaikbBGT0EgOxv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikbBGT0EgOxv","pdf",5646512,11,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this study on ACAA2?\",\"answer\":\"To determine whether ACAA2 is elevated in small-cell neuroendocrine cancers and can serve as a potential molecular indicator for SCNCs.\"},{\"question\":\"How was ACAA2 expression measured in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Tumor xenografts, tissue microarrays, and patient tissues were assessed for ACAA2 protein using immunohistochemistry, and ACAA2 mRNA levels were evaluated in published datasets.\"},{\"question\":\"What results support ACAA2 as an indicator of SCNCs?\",\"answer\":\"ACAA2 protein and mRNA levels were higher in SCNCs than non-SCNCs, including medium/high intensity signals across neuroendocrine phenotype samples from both prostate and lung cancers.\"}]","ACAA2 is a novel molecular indicator for cancers with neuroendocrine phenotype | PDF",1790215714,28]