[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-160245-en":3,"doc-seo-160245-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},160245,2336474466712,"Quinn Holloway","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Abjadia - International Journal of Education - Identifying Motivational Factors in Nahwu Courses Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): A Study of Arabic Language Education Students","Nahwu learning in university Arabic education faces persistent obstacles due to rule complexity, which can reduce learners’ confidence and weaken their learning motivation. This descriptive quantitative study analyzes factors shaping motivation in Nahwu courses using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Data from questionnaires collected over one month from 46 fifth-semester students (cohort 2020) at UIN Datokarama Palu were analyzed with the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Results identify two dominant factors: Self-Regulation (positive motivation) and Helplessness (inability feelings).","Abjadia : International Journal of Education, 11 (1): 337-348 (2026)  \nDOI: 10.18860/abj.v11i1.36003  \nIDENTIFYING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS IN NAHWU COURSES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA): A STUDY OF ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION  \nSTUDENTS  \nAnnisa Raina Khairani1, Shofil Fikri2, Iklil Syaqifah3, Iqbal Juliansyah4, Annisa Syalsabila5  \n1234 Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia  \n5 Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia  \nAbstract  \nThe challenges faced by students in studying Nahwu, an essential component of the Arabic language, often relate to the complexity of its rules, making it feel difficult and diminishing learning motivation.  \nThis study aims to analyze the factors influencing students' learning motivation in Nahwu courses atthe university level, offering solutions through a deeper understanding of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) . Data were collected over a one-month period via questionnaires from 46 fifth-semester students (cohort 2020) in the Arabic Language Education Program at UIN Datokarama Palu. The motivation indicators employed in this study were based on the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) developed by Robert J. Vallerand, which comprises seven distinct indicators. The findings reveal two main factors affecting learning motivation: the Self-Regulation Factor, which is associated with positive motivation, and the Helplessness Factor, reflecting feelings of inability. These findings are expected to provide insights for educators in creating effective teaching methods to enhance students' motivation and learning outcomes in Nahwu courses.  \nKeywords: Principal Component Analysis, Learning Motivation, Nahwu, Self-Determination  \nTheory, Higher Education  \n\n| * Correspondence Address: | [annisaraina4@gmail.com](annisaraina4@gmail.com) |\n| --- | --- |\n\n\n| Article History | Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 2025-08-08 | 2026-01-03 | 2026-01-23 | 2026-03-15 |\n\nNahwu is an essential part of learning Arabic and is considered a fundamental basis for studying the language. As a key to understanding various Islamic literature, such as the Qur'anand Hadith, Nahwu facilitates access to these foundational texts. This urgency is further reinforced by the curriculum standards in State Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN), which mandate the mastery of Arabic linguistic components, including Nahwu, as a core competency for students in the Arabic Language Education program. However, many learners often face difficulties in studying Nahwu, primarily due to its complex and perceived complicated rules (Supardi et al., 2022) . These challenges can lead to frustration, lower motivation to learn, and reduced confidence in mastering the material. Therefore, it is crucial to address these obstacles to maintain learners' motivation and help them better understand Nahwu.  \nLearning motivation is a crucial factor that plays a significant role in determining the success of the learning process (Candra et al., 2023) . Generally, motivation is often associated with enthusiasm (Yogi Fernando et al., 2024) . It is defined as the process of initiating and  \nIdentifying Motivational Factors in Nahwu Courses Using Principal Component Analysis (Pca): A Study of Arabic Language  \nEducation Students  \nsustaining activities focused on achieving goals. In the expectancy-value theory, motivation is a function of the expectations of success and the value that individuals place on the task (Cook & Artino, 2016) .  \nOne of the primary theories used to understand motivation is the Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) . Recent meta-analyses confirm that this framework remains robust in predicting student outcomes across various educational contexts (Howard et al., 2021) . This theory distinguishes between three types of motivation: ","cbCaij9aUWtS7tMe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij9aUWtS7tMe","pdf",703876,1,12,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Importance of Nahwu in Arabic learning\n## Learning motivation and theoretical background\n# Research Method and Data Collection\n## Descriptive quantitative design\n## Participants and questionnaire data\n# Motivation Framework\n## Self-Determination Theory\n## Intrinsic, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation","[{\"question\":\"Why do students often struggle with Nahwu courses?\",\"answer\":\"Nahwu rules are perceived as complex and difficult, which can lower motivation and confidence and lead to frustration during learning.\"},{\"question\":\"What method is used to identify motivational factors in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses descriptive quantitative research with factor analysis based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to questionnaire data.\"},{\"question\":\"What two main factors were found to influence students’ motivation?\",\"answer\":\"The findings show Self-Regulation as the positive motivation factor, and Helplessness as a factor reflecting feelings of inability.\"}]","Abjadia - International Journal of Education - Identifying Motivational Factors in Nahwu Courses Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): A Study of Arabic Language Education Students | PDF",1788052694,30,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"abjadia-international-journal-of-education-identifying-motivational-factors-in-nahwu-courses-using-principal-component-analysis-pca-a-study-of-arabic-language-education-students","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/abjadia-international-journal-of-education-identifying-motivational-factors-in-nahwu-courses-using-principal-component-analysis-pca-a-study-of-arabic-language-education-students/160245/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-30",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why do students often struggle with Nahwu courses?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Nahwu rules are perceived as complex and difficult, which can lower motivation and confidence and lead to frustration during learning.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What method is used to identify motivational factors in this study?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The study uses descriptive quantitative research with factor analysis based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to questionnaire data.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What two main factors were found to influence students’ motivation?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The findings show Self-Regulation as the positive motivation factor, and Helplessness as a factor reflecting feelings of inability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":121},"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]