[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-385624-105":59,"doc-detail-385624-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","aberrant-hmga2-expression-sustains-genome-instability-that-promotes-metastasis-and-therapeutic-resistance-in-colorectal-cancer","Aberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer","","Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains among the deadliest cancers worldwide, with many patients diagnosed at late, metastatic stages and limited treatment options. Genome instability acts as a cancer enabling hallmark by accelerating acquisition of genetic alterations, including mutations, copy number changes, and chromosomal rearrangements that support proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Few genes have been validated as predictive biomarkers for metastatic spread or chemoresistance. Evidence highlights HMGA2, an HMGA family member, as a promising biomarker in CRC. The review details how aberrant HMGA2 expression sustains genome instability, contributing to survival and chemoresistance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/aberrant-hmga2-expression-sustains-genome-instability-that-promotes-metastasis-and-therapeutic-resistance-in-colorectal-cancer/385624/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/aberrant-hmga2-expression-sustains-genome-instability-that-promotes-metastasis-and-therapeutic-resistance-in-colorectal-cancer/385624.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does genome instability play in colorectal cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Genome instability enables the accumulation of genetic alterations, creating cancer subpopulations with advantages such as increased proliferation, metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is HMGA2 considered a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"HMGA2 is upregulated in aggressively growing cancers, is expressed in embryonic tissues, and is linked to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in CRC.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How might HMGA2 contribute to chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"As a chromatin architectural factor, HMGA2 can promote chromatin decompaction and related transcriptional regulation, helping sustain genome instability that supports cancer cell survival and resistance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},385624,1790902375,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","cancers   \nReview  \nAberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer  \nRubi Campos Gudiño 1,2, Kirk J. McManus 1,2 and Sabine Hombach-Klonisch 3, *  \nCitation: Campos Gudiño, R.;  \nMcManus, K.J.; Hombach-Klonisch, S. Aberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 1735. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061735](doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061735)  \nAcademic Editors: Ulrike Stein and Wolfgang Walther  \nReceived: 5 February 2023  \nRevised: 6 March 2023  \nAccepted: 11 March 2023  \nPublished: 13 March 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada  \n2 CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada  \n3 Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada  \n* Correspondence: [sabine.hombach-klonisch@umanitoba.ca](sabine.hombach-klonisch@umanitoba.ca); Tel.: +1-(204)-789-3982; Fax: +1-(204)-789-3920  \nSimple Summary: Despite recent advances in early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, colorectal cancer remains one of the most diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. Further, several patients are diagnosed at late stages with metastatic disease, ultimately limiting their therapeutic options. To better these statistics and overall patient survival, it is critical to identify and validate potential biomarkers (select genes) that contribute to colorectal cancer development (metastasis) and chemoresistance. Additionally, research has shown a clear association between genome instability, which confers an increased number of genetic alterations, and colorectal cancer. Although the aberrant expressions of various genes have been associated with early colorectal development, few have been validated as markers of metastatic disease. In this review, we highlight current research that suggests a member of the High-Mobility Group A gene family may be a potential biomarker of metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer. Further, we explain the mechanisms by which this gene, when aberrantly expressed, sustains genome instability in cancer cells that promote metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer, ultimately highlighting it as a promising biomarker that warrants further study.  \nAbstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, accounting for nearly~10% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths. Current therapeutic approaches have considerably increased survival for patients diagnosed at early stages; however, ~20% of CRC patients are diagnosed with late-stage, metastatic CRC, where 5-year survival rates drop to 6–13% and treatment options are limited. Genome instability is an enabling hallmark of cancer that confers increased acquisition of genetic alterations, mutations, copy number variations and chromosomal rearrangements. In that regard, research has shown a clear association between genome instability and CRC, as the accumulation of aberrations in cancer-related genes provides subpopulations of cells with several advantages, such as increased proliferation rates, metastatic potential and therapeutic resistance. Although numerous genes have been associated with CRC, few have been validated as predictive biomarkers of metastasis or therapeutic resistance. A growing body of evidence suggests a member of the High-Mobility Group A (","cbCaiusKlzUKaE3G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiusKlzUKaE3G","pdf",1092547,18,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1. Colorectal Cancer","[{\"question\":\"What role does genome instability play in colorectal cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"Genome instability enables the accumulation of genetic alterations, creating cancer subpopulations with advantages such as increased proliferation, metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is HMGA2 considered a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"HMGA2 is upregulated in aggressively growing cancers, is expressed in embryonic tissues, and is linked to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in CRC.\"},{\"question\":\"How might HMGA2 contribute to chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells?\",\"answer\":\"As a chromatin architectural factor, HMGA2 can promote chromatin decompaction and related transcriptional regulation, helping sustain genome instability that supports cancer cell survival and resistance.\"}]","Aberrant HMGA2 Expression Sustains Genome Instability That Promotes Metastasis and Therapeutic Resistance in Colorectal Cancer | PDF",1790270301,45]