[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-127675-en":3,"doc-seo-127675-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},127675,962084925782,"Ava Thompson","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc",8,"Research & Report","A Transparency Index Framework for Machine Learning powered AI in Education - Doctor of Philosophy Thesis","The growing adoption of AI systems in everyday life is driving demand for ethical AI development across sectors, including education. Existing ethical AI checklists and frameworks cover dimensions like fairness, explainability, and safety, yet their abstract nature makes operational use difficult in real-world educational contexts. This work addresses that gap by proposing a Transparency Index Framework, designed through three iterative phases combining literature review, development of an education-focused AI tool, and co-design with education stakeholders. The framework embeds transparency requirements across the AI pipeline, from data collection through deployment, enabling other ethical AI dimensions and supporting end-user-centered transparency for ed-tech products.","A Transparency Index Framework for Machine Learning powered AI in  \nEducation  \nMuhammad Ali Chaudhry  \nInstitute of Education, University College London Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy  \nAuthor’s Declaration  \nI, Muhammad Ali Chaudhry , confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.  \nDate of Submission: 5th June 2022  \nAbstract  \nThe increase in the use of AI systems in our daily lives, brings calls for more ethical AI development from different sectors including, finance, the judiciary and to an increasing extent education. A number of AI ethics checklists and frameworks have been proposed focusing on different dimensions of ethical AI , such as fairness, explainability and safety. However, the abstract nature of these existing ethical AI guidelines often makes them difficult to operationalisein real-world contexts. The inadequacy of the existing situation with respect to ethical guidance is further complicated by the paucity of work to develop transparent machine learning powered AI systems for real-world. This is particularly true for AI applied in education and training.  \nIn this thesis, a Transparency Index Framework is presented as a tool to forefront the importance of transparency and aid the contextualisation of ethical guidance for the education and training sector. The transparency index framework presented here has been developed in three iterative phases.  \nIn phase one, an extensive literature review of the real-world AI development pipelines was conducted. In phase two, an AI-powered tool for use in an educational and training setting was developed. The initial version of the Transparency Index Framework was prepared after phase two. And in phase three, a revised version of the Transparency Index Framework was codesigned that integrates learning from phases one and two. The co-design process engaged a range of different AI in education stakeholders , including educators, ed-tech experts and AI practitioners.  \nThe Transparency Index Framework presented in this thesis maps the requirements of transparency for different categories of AI in education stakeholders , and shows how transparency considerations can be ingrained throughout the AI development process, from initial data collection to deployment in the world , including continuing iterative improvements. Transparency is shown to enable the implementation of other ethical AI dimensions , such as interpretability, accountability and safety. The  \noptimisation of transparency from the perspective of end-users and ed-tech companies who are developing AI systems is discussed and the importance of conceptualising transparency in developing AI powered ed-tech products is highlighted. In particular, the potential for transparency to bridge the gap between the machine learning and learning science communities is noted. For example, through the use of datasheets, model cards and factsheets adapted and contextualised for education through a range of stakeholder perspectives, including educators, ed-tech experts and AI practitioners.  \nImpact Statement  \nMishaps with AI in the world beyond the lab are not new. Various stakeholders in the financial services, healthcare, recruitment, law enforcement and e-commerce sectors have suffered due to AI not performing as expected in different contexts. UK’s A-level grading fiasco highlights the impact of AI going wrong within education. The Transparency Index Framework for AI-powered ed-tech products developed in this research aims to avoid such incidents and has both academic and non-academic impact.  \nAcademically, it is one of the first research-based frameworks focusing on the transparency of AI-powered ed-tech products. It can potentially help learning scientists and educational researchers to  \n• Get a better understanding of how an AI-powered ed-tech has been built;  \n• Reproduce and b","cbCaihzAba8zzLbF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihzAba8zzLbF","pdf",5862693,1,313,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Transparency Index Framework development phases\n## Mapping transparency to AI development pipelines\n## Impact statement and stakeholder use cases","[{\"question\":\"Why is transparency emphasized for AI in education?\",\"answer\":\"Because existing ethical AI guidelines are often difficult to operationalize in real-world settings, and transparency can enable related ethical dimensions such as interpretability, accountability, and safety in education contexts.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the Transparency Index Framework developed?\",\"answer\":\"It was created through three iterative phases: an extensive literature review of real-world AI development pipelines, development of an AI-powered tool for education and training, and a co-designed revised version integrating learning from the first two phases.\"},{\"question\":\"Who can use the framework and what does it help them do?\",\"answer\":\"Educators, ed-tech experts, AI practitioners, regulators, and AI researchers/engineers can use it to justify assumptions, document decisions, evaluate pros and cons, audit development processes, and build robust AI-powered ed-tech systems for deployment and iterative improvement.\"}]","A Transparency Index Framework for Machine Learning powered AI in Education - Doctor of Philosophy Thesis | PDF",1785940710,789,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"a-transparency-index-framework-for-machine-learning-powered-ai-in-education-doctor-of-philosophy-thesis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-transparency-index-framework-for-machine-learning-powered-ai-in-education-doctor-of-philosophy-thesis/127675/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-22","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is transparency emphasized for AI in education?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Because existing ethical AI guidelines are often difficult to operationalize in real-world settings, and transparency can enable related ethical dimensions such as interpretability, accountability, and safety in education contexts.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How was the Transparency Index Framework developed?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It was created through three iterative phases: an extensive literature review of real-world AI development pipelines, development of an AI-powered tool for education and training, and a co-designed revised version integrating learning from the first two phases.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Who can use the framework and what does it help them do?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Educators, ed-tech experts, AI practitioners, regulators, and AI researchers/engineers can use it to justify assumptions, document decisions, evaluate pros and cons, audit development processes, and build robust AI-powered ed-tech systems for deployment and iterative improvement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]