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Despite extensive work, no universally accepted EC/OC determination method exists because OC and EC are operationally defined by analytical procedures. This study applies two-step TGA/FT-IR to four-hour PM10 samples in Milan, achieving continuous CO2 monitoring, effective EC/OC separation, and reliability validated against TOT, with correlations to meteorology and radon.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-tgaft-ir-study-for-measuring-oc-and-ec-in-aerosol-samples-2006/157890/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-tgaft-ir-study-for-measuring-oc-and-ec-in-aerosol-samples-2006/157890.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rizky","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is distinguishing EC and OC important for aerosol carbon analysis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"EC and OC have different physical-chemical properties, and carbon analysis focuses on how TC is distributed between them. Different operational definitions can lead to different results across methods.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the TGA/FT-IR method quantify EC and OC in this study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The approach uses a two-step thermal procedure based on distinct thermal behavior of OC and EC, with online continuous monitoring of CO2 infrared absorption at 2361 cm−1 for carbon quantification.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What was used to validate the reliability of the TGA/FT-IR results?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Reliability was checked through a preliminary comparison with the TOT (Thermal Optical Transmission) technique, and EC/OC values were further correlated with meteorological parameters and radon concentrations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},157890,1787990717,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 255–266, 2006 [www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/6/255/](www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/6/255/)[ ](www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/6/255/)[SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2006-6-255](SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2006-6-255)[ ](SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2006-6-255)European Geosciences Union  \nA TGA/FT-IR study for measuring OC and EC in aerosol samples  \nP. Fermo 1 , A. Piazzalunga 1 , R. Vecchi2 , G. Valli2 , and M. Ceriani2  \n1Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica e Analitica, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy  \n2Istituto di Fisica Generale Applicata, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy  \nReceived: 7 March 2005 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 4 July 2005  \nRevised: 18 October 2005 – Accepted: 22 December 2005 – Published: 31 January 2006  \nAbstract. Carbon analysis consists in the evaluation of the carbonaceous content of the aerosol (TC) but, more importantly, of its distribution between the two components EC (Elemental Carbon) and OC (Organic Carbon) that are characterized by different physical-chemical properties. In spite of the numerous studies focused on this topic, nowadays a universal methodology for the determination of the two components EC and OC is not available. In fact OC and EC (also known as black carbon or soot) are operationally defined by the method of analysis and, as a consequence, different methods can produce different results.  \nIn this paper we present results on the application of TGA/FT-IR (Thermo-gravimetric Analysis/Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy) to the characterization of carbonaceous aerosols. The analytical methodology was applied to PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 􀀖m) four-hour time resolution samples collected in Milan urban area. The method is a two-steps thermal one and it is based on the different thermal behaviour of OC and EC. It has been set up analyzing suitable standards containing both organic and elemental carbon. Carbon quantification is achieved by on-line, continuous monitoring of CO2 infrared absorption at 2361 cm􀀀1 . A good separation between OC and EC on particulate matter (PM) samples has been obtained. Ranges and average values were 12–70 􀀖g/m3 and 20 􀀖g/m3 for OC and 0 .2–6 􀀖g/m3 and 2 􀀖g/m3 for EC. On average OC and EC made up 29 (􀀆13)% and 2.5 (􀀆1.8)% of the PM10 fraction, respectively. The method reliability has been verified by a preliminary comparison with TOT (Thermal Optical Transmission) technique. OC and EC values determined for ambient samples of PM10 were correlated with meteorological parameters as well as with Radon concentrations.  \nCorrespondence to: P. Fermo ([paola.fermo@unimi.it](paola.fermo@unimi.it))  \n1 Introduction  \nThe overall composition of the particulate matter (PM) has become one of the fundamental topics in the field of environmental chemistry. One of the main topics is represented by carbonaceous fraction quantification since this component makes up about the 50% of the particulate mass concentration.  \nThe total carbon content (TC) includes elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) as well as a small percentage (less than 5%) of inorganic carbon mainly present as carbonate.  \nEC is essentially a primary pollutant (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998) emitted during incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass carbonaceous fuels. In urban areas, diesel emissions are one of the major sources for black carbon, which is often used as a marker for urban pollution (Delumyea et al., 1980; Salma et al., 2004); furthermore, its temporal pattern could be related to traffic intensity (Ruellan and Cachier, 2001) .  \nOC has both primary and secondary origin. Primary OCis mainly formed during combustion processes such as unleaded gasoline combustion in urban area or biomass and field agricultural burning (Duan et al., 2004) . It is also directly emitted as plant spores, pollens and soil organic matter. Secondary OC can originate from different processes such as gas ","cbCaic1b1w5V6tNo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic1b1w5V6tNo","pdf",1363813,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Particulate matter and carbon fractions\n## EC as primary pollutant (black carbon)\n## OC origins and OC/EC tracer approach\n# Materials and methods\n## TGA/FT-IR two-step thermal methodology\n## Continuous CO2 monitoring and standards\n## PM10 sampling and quantification results\n# Validation and correlations\n## Comparison with TOT\n## Links to meteorological parameters and radon","[{\"question\":\"Why is distinguishing EC and OC important for aerosol carbon analysis?\",\"answer\":\"EC and OC have different physical-chemical properties, and carbon analysis focuses on how TC is distributed between them. Different operational definitions can lead to different results across methods.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the TGA/FT-IR method quantify EC and OC in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The approach uses a two-step thermal procedure based on distinct thermal behavior of OC and EC, with online continuous monitoring of CO2 infrared absorption at 2361 cm−1 for carbon quantification.\"},{\"question\":\"What was used to validate the reliability of the TGA/FT-IR results?\",\"answer\":\"Reliability was checked through a preliminary comparison with the TOT (Thermal Optical Transmission) technique, and EC/OC values were further correlated with meteorological parameters and radon concentrations.\"}]","A TGA/FT-IR study for measuring OC and EC in aerosol samples - 2006 | PDF"]