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This systematic review evaluates how physiotherapy interventions influence chronic ankle instability (CAI), focusing on evidence for clinical effectiveness in improving chronic ankle stability. Following PRISMA guidance, randomized controlled trials were analyzed from PubMed, Embase, PEDro, and Cochrane. Thirteen eligible studies (490 athletes) examined exercise-based and neuromuscular approaches. Outcomes covered dynamic and static balance, patient-reported results, kinematics, proprioception, body composition, and strength. Findings support rehabilitation effectiveness, while larger long-term trials are needed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-systematic-review-of-rehabilitation-interventions-for-athletes-with-chronic-ankle-instability/461500/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-systematic-review-of-rehabilitation-interventions-for-athletes-with-chronic-ankle-instability/461500.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"SANS","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-08","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the goal of this systematic review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess the impact of physiotherapy interventions on chronic ankle stability (CAI) and provide evidence for the effectiveness of clinical treatment and care for patients with CAI.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were studies selected and assessed in the review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and analyzed randomized controlled trials evaluating physiotherapy interventions for athletes with CAI. PubMed, Embase, PEDro, and Cochrane were searched, and a modified McMaster Critical Review Form was used to assess methodological quality.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What types of rehabilitation interventions were included?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Interventions included various exercise types such as balance training, plyometric training, CrossFit, and neuromuscular training, delivered over approximately 4–12 weeks.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What outcomes were used to evaluate effectiveness?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Effectiveness was assessed using both subjective and objective measures across seven domains: dynamic balance, static balance, patient-reported outcomes, kinematic outcomes, proprioception, body composition, and strength assessment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},461500,1791436664,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},962090760505,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Systematic Review  \nA Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Interventions for Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability  \nMarlena Skwiot   \nAcademic Editor: Francesco Giallauria  \nReceived: 11 November 2025  \nRevised: 12 December 2025  \nAccepted: 23 December 2025  \nPublished: 27 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \nFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, ul. Akademicka 14, 18-400 Lomza, Poland; [mskwiot@al.edu.pl](mskwiot@al.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-660-699-238  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Ankle sprains affect approximately 8% of the general population, and recurrence occurs in as many as 80% of patients participating in high-risk sports. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of physiotherapy interventions on chronic ankle stability (CAI), providing evidence for the effectiveness of clinical treatment and care for patients with CAI. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in athletes with CAI following injury were analyzed. PubMed, Embase, PEDro, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. A modified McMaster Critical Review Form for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, in accordance with the guidelines. Results: The literature search yielded 316 results, of which 13 articles met all required eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The RCTs included 490 athletes with CAI. Interventions included various types of exercises, including balance training (BT), plyometric training, CrossFit, and neuromuscular training. The duration of the intervention was 4–12 weeks. Both subjective and objective measures were used to assess the effectiveness of the therapy in the following seven domains: Dynamic Balance, Static Balance, Patient-Reported Outcomes, Kinematic Outcomes, Proprioception, Body-Composition, and Strength Assessment. Conclusions: The evidence supports the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in athletes with CAI. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials, incorporating control groups and long-term follow-up, are needed to better determine the robust impact of conservative management on improving both the physical and psychological health of patients with CAI.  \nKeywords: CAI; rehabilitation; athletes  \n1. Introduction  \nAnkle sprain is one of the most common sports injuries among physically active individuals and poses a significant financial burden on the healthcare system [1] . The incidence of sports-related ankle injuries ranges from 25% to 50%[2,3] . Ankle sprains affect approximately 8% of the general population, and up to 80% of patients participating in high-risk sports experience recurrent injuries [4,5] .  \nSo far, systematic reviews on CAI have focused on epidemiology [1], postural control [6], or proprioception [7] . The effects of interventions in patients with CAI have also been examined, including BT [8] and passive support of the ankle joint [9] . As a result, there is a need for an updated review of the effectiveness of various interventions in young,  \nactive individuals with CAI. This is highly important both for safe participation in sports and from a psychological perspective.  \nThe International Ankle Consortium has defined CAI as a condition characterized by a significant ankle sprain and/or recurrent ankle sprains and/or ankle instability and/or ankle “giving way” occurring at least twice within the past six months [10] .  \nCAI does not only affect the ankle joint but also influences other joints, leading tomusculoskeletal problems [11] . Individuals with CAI may exhibit reduced muscle strength and proprioception, as well a","cbCaifq8RF5KhfyT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifq8RF5KhfyT","pdf",484232,18,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## Definition and impact of CAI\n## Etiology, deficits, and related dysfunctions\n## Treatment pathway and rationale\n## Rehabilitation interventions and evidence base","[{\"question\":\"What is the goal of this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the impact of physiotherapy interventions on chronic ankle stability (CAI) and provide evidence for the effectiveness of clinical treatment and care for patients with CAI.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and assessed in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and analyzed randomized controlled trials evaluating physiotherapy interventions for athletes with CAI. PubMed, Embase, PEDro, and Cochrane were searched, and a modified McMaster Critical Review Form was used to assess methodological quality.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of rehabilitation interventions were included?\",\"answer\":\"Interventions included various exercise types such as balance training, plyometric training, CrossFit, and neuromuscular training, delivered over approximately 4–12 weeks.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes were used to evaluate effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"Effectiveness was assessed using both subjective and objective measures across seven domains: dynamic balance, static balance, patient-reported outcomes, kinematic outcomes, proprioception, body composition, and strength assessment.\"}]","A Systematic Review of Rehabilitation Interventions for Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability | PDF",1790761740,45]