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It identifies miRNAs reported to contribute to PTEN dysregulation and evaluates study quality using adapted SYRCLE and CASP tools.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/a-systematic-review-of-mechanisms-of-pten-gene-down-regulation-mediated-by-mirna-in-prostate-cancer/333644/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/a-systematic-review-of-mechanisms-of-pten-gene-down-regulation-mediated-by-mirna-in-prostate-cancer/333644.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Liam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What role does PTEN play in prostate cancer biology?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"PTEN is a key regulator of growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival by controlling the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Its loss dysregulates signaling that supports tumor development and persistence.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do miRNAs regulate PTEN according to this review?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"miRNAs can interact with the 3′UTR of PTEN mRNA to reduce PTEN protein through translational inhibition or degradation. The review also highlights epigenetic loop mechanisms involving miRNAs and DNMT1.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which miRNAs are emphasized as central to PTEN down-regulation?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review particularly highlights miR-21 as the most frequently reported, and concludes that dysregulation involving miR-21, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-93, miR-106a, and miR-106b is central to prostate cancer development.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},333644,1791022719,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Heliyon 10 (2024) e34950  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Research article\u003Cbr>A systematic review of mechanisms of PTEN gene down-regulation mediated by miRNA in prostate cancer\u003Cbr>Fernando Bergez-Hern´andez 1 , Martín Irigoyen-Arredondo 1 , Alejandra Martínez-*\u003Cbr>Camberos\u003Cbr>Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biología Molecular. Lic. en Ciencias Biom´edicas, Universidad Aut´onoma de Occidente. Av del Mar 1200, Tellerías, 82100, Mazatl´an, Sinaloa, Mexico |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>miRNA\u003Cbr>PTEN\u003Cbr>Prostate cancer Epigenetic regulation |  | Background: The Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene (PTEN) is pivotal in regulating diverse cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival, mainly by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Alterations in the expression of the PTEN gene have been associated with epigenetic mechanisms, particularly the regulation by small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs. Modifications in the expression levels of miRNAs that control PTEN have been shown to lead to its underexpression. This underexpression, in turn, impacts the PI3K/ AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby influencing crucial mechanisms like proliferation and apoptosis, playing an important role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we aimed to systematically reviewed available information concerning the regulation of PTEN mediated by miRNA in PCa.\u003Cbr>Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify studies assessing PTEN regulation via PCamiRNAs, the search included combination of the words microRNAs, PTEN and prostatic neoplasms. The quality assessment of the articles included was carried out using an adapted version of SYRCLE and CASP tool.\u003Cbr>Results: We included 39 articles that measured the relative gene expression of miRNAs in PCa and their relationship with PTEN regulation. A total of 42 miRNAs were reported involved in the development and progression of PCa via PTEN dysregulation (34 miRNAs up-regulated and eight miRNAs down-regulated). Sixteen miRNAs were shown as the principal regulators for genetic interactions leading to carcinogenesis, being the miR-21 the most reported in PCa associated with PTEN down-regulation. We showed the silencing of PTEN could be promoted by a loop between miR-200b and DNMT1 or by direct targeting of PTEN by microRNAs, leading to the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and interactions with intermediary genes support apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in PCa.\u003Cbr>Conclusion: According to our review, dysregulation of PTEN mediated mainly by miR-21, -20a,− 20b, − 93, − 106a, and − 106b up-regulation has a central role in PCa development and could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. |\n\n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [fernando.bergez@uadeo.mx](fernando.bergez@uadeo.mx) (F. Bergez-Hern´andez), martin.irigoyen@uadeo.mx (M. Irigoyen-Arredondo), alejandra. [martinez@uadeo.mx](martinez@uadeo.mx) (A. Martínez-Camberos).  \n1 Fernando Bergez-Hern´andez and Martín Irigoyen-Arredondo contributed equally to this work.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34950](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34950)  \nReceived 15 July 2024; Accepted 18 July 2024  \nAvailable online 20 July 2024  \n2405-8440/© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license  \n([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \n1. Introduction  \nThe Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene (PTEN) is a pivotal regulator of essential cellular processes encompassing growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Serving as a phosphatase, PTEN exerts a central role in modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, w","cbCaipsWBq5uJg0Q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipsWBq5uJg0Q","pdf",2642959,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What role does PTEN play in prostate cancer biology?\",\"answer\":\"PTEN is a key regulator of growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival by controlling the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Its loss dysregulates signaling that supports tumor development and persistence.\"},{\"question\":\"How do miRNAs regulate PTEN according to this review?\",\"answer\":\"miRNAs can interact with the 3′UTR of PTEN mRNA to reduce PTEN protein through translational inhibition or degradation. The review also highlights epigenetic loop mechanisms involving miRNAs and DNMT1.\"},{\"question\":\"Which miRNAs are emphasized as central to PTEN down-regulation?\",\"answer\":\"The review particularly highlights miR-21 as the most frequently reported, and concludes that dysregulation involving miR-21, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-93, miR-106a, and miR-106b is central to prostate cancer development.\"}]","A systematic review of mechanisms of PTEN gene down-regulation mediated by miRNA in prostate cancer | PDF",1790003429,38]