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It outlines the limited proportion of paved and hard-surfaced roads, the prevalence of native-soil dirt roads that become impassable, and the inadequacy of existing mileage for military needs. The text evaluates decades of highway spending and argues for long, continuous, end-to-end paved 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does the text claim that paved roads are necessary?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It argues that only a paved road can be permanent, while most native-soil roads become mud in wet weather and turn impassable.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What major deficiency of current roads does the text emphasize?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It states that existing mileage is lamentably lacking in proper location, alignment, curves, width, grades, drainage, and—critically—continuity over extended distances.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the text evaluate past spending on road improvements?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It reviews large expenditures over roughly twenty-five years, estimates resulting paved and hard-surfaced mileage, and concludes that better outcomes were possible through continuous connected highways.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},324886,1790461993,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","97-84243-14Davis,Charles  \n# A system of nationalhighways\n\n[n.p.]  \n[1928?]  \n## COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nDavis,Charles.A system of national highways.[By]Charles Davis ..Raprinted from The Military Engineer,for March-Apri1,1928,with additionsf rom March,1928,\"Motor Travel.\"[n.p.,1928?]OCLc:15036769  \n## TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\n35mmBEDUCTION BATIO:            9:1IMAGE PLACEMENT:⑩  \nIIA IB IIB  \nFILM SIZE:              \nDATE FILMED:                    11-12-97INITIALS:业            \nTEACKING\\#:                                                                                              28999   \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n308乙30x 30  \n# A System of National Highways\n\nCharles Davis,C.E.  \nTrustee and President,National Highways Association  \nFRANCE,Germany and Italy own,build,andmaintain their national highways.These high-ways were a controlling factor in the WorldWar.Ameriea excels in a marked degree all the restof the world in motor-vehiele transportation.ButAmerica leads in her highways only on an area lessthan 5 per cent of her territory.  \nThe mileage of our public roads is adequate forour present needs—sone 3,000,000 miles—and thismileage will grow automatieally to take care of fu-ture needs.Of these,over 2,400,000 miles are nativesoil,soft,dirt roads which mostly become mud inwet weather and are then impassable.As a system,they are lamentably lacking in proper location,alignment,eurves,width,grades,drainage,hard sur-facing,paving,and other requisites of properly im-proved highways,and especially lacking in eon-tinuity over any extended mileage.  \nOnly a paved road can be a permanent one.About3 per cent of this 3 million miles is paved;that is,surfaced with bituminous macadam,sheet asphalt,bituminous conerete,Portland cement conerete,brick,stone block,wood block,asphalt bloek and miseel-laneous other types.A little over 1 per cent morehave top surfaces of various kinds and are known as\"hard-surfaced\"roads.We thus have a total ofabout 4 per cent of hard roads,or less than 130,000miles.Only a hard road is a good road three hun-dred and sixty-five days in the year.If a map ofthis hard-road mileage were made for the UnitedStates as a whole,it would look like that of Michiganissued in 1913 under state aid.  \nPractically none of our present mileage (inelud-ing bridges)has been built suitable for militaryneeds,either in type,weight,width,alignment,eurves,grades,continuity,or the avoidance of con-gested centers.  \n## What We Have Spent to Obtain Good Roads\n\nTwenty-five years ago,there were no hard roads.In 1915,we spent something over $250,000,000 intrying to improve our highways.This probablymeans over 83,000,000,000 during the fifteen years,1903-1917.In 1925,we spent on improvement over  \n$1,200,000,000,which likely indieates more than  \n$9,000,000,000 during the ten years 1918-1927—atotal of over 12 billion dollars endeavoring to im-prove our roads in the past twenty-five years.Noone can say accurately the exact amount,but this isnear enough for practical purposes.This vast ex-penditure has given us in round numbers:  \nAbout 90,000 miles of paved highways,  \nAbout 40,000 miles of hard-surfaced roads,  \nAbout 470,000 miles of surfaced roads,  \nMore than 2,400,000 miles of native soil,soft,dirtroads.  \nNo one knows how mucn we have spent in thesetwenty-five years on these native soil,soft,dirt roads—grading,ditching,seraping,dragging over and  \nover,again and again.Our road bill of fifteen andmaybe 20 biltion dollars,more or less,in twenty-fiveyears,has given us the above results.We should andcould have done better.  \nMany of our paved roads are being rebuilt—morewill have to be.All our hard-surfaced roads will bepaved.Our surfaced mileagemade of water-boundmacadam,stone,gravel,chert,slate,sand clay andoil sand,will all be hard-surfaced and then paved,unless paved first.All additional surfac","cbCailQ9krNw1Ns4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailQ9krNw1Ns4","pdf",1115582,"English","# A System of National Highways\n## What We Have Spent to Obtain Good Roads\n## America Awakening to Road Building","[{\"question\":\"Why does the text claim that paved roads are necessary?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that only a paved road can be permanent, while most native-soil roads become mud in wet weather and turn impassable.\"},{\"question\":\"What major deficiency of current roads does the text emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It states that existing mileage is lamentably lacking in proper location, alignment, curves, width, grades, drainage, and—critically—continuity over extended distances.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text evaluate past spending on road improvements?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews large expenditures over roughly twenty-five years, estimates resulting paved and hard-surfaced mileage, and concludes that better outcomes were possible through continuous connected highways.\"}]","A System of National Highways | PDF",1789969133,23]